Chemical study and evaluation of cytotoxic activity from ascidians Didemnum psammatodes (Sluiter, 1895) and Eudistoma vannamei Millar, 1977 (Tunicata: Ascidiacea) / Estudo químico e avaliação da atividade citotóxica das ascídias Didemnum psammatodes(Sluiter, 1885) e Eudistoma vannameiMillar, 1977 (Tunicata: Ascidiacea)

Renata Takeara

Samples of Didemnum psammatodes were collected in Icapui (Ceara State) and Trairi (Ceara State). The methanolic extract from D. psammatodes, acquired from Icapui, was submitted to fractionation and purification through several chromatographic techniques and were obtained four nucleosides (2?-deoxyuridine, 2- deoxyinosine, thyimidine, and 2?-deoxyguanosine), three steroids in mixture (cholestanol, cholestanone, and stigmasterol) and three glyceryl ethers in mixture (2,3-propanediol, 1-(heptadecyloxy), batyl alcohol, and 2,3-propanediol, 1- (nonadecyloxy)). The methanolic extract from D. psammatodes, acquired from Trairi, was initially partitionated, giving rise to aqueous, hexane, chloroform, and butanol phases. The hexane phase inhibited the sea urchin egg cell cycle and exhibited toxicity in tumor cell lines. It was fractionated by several chromatographic techniques and obtained three fatty acid methyl esters in mixture (methyl myristate, methyl palmitate, and methyl stearate), four steroids in mixture (cholestanol and cholestanone), two fatty acids in mixture (palmitic acid and stearic acid) and three glyceryl ethers in mixture (2,3-propanediol, 1-(heptadecyloxy), batyl alcohol, and 2,3- propanediol, 3-(nonadecyloxy)). The chloroform phase also inhibited the sea urchin egg cell cycle and exhibited toxicity in tumor cell lines. It was fractionated through several chromatographic techniques and obtained six fatty acids in mixture (lauric acid, myristic acid, pentadecanoic acid, palmitic acid, margaric acid, and stearic acid). The aqueous phase was submitted to fractionation and purification by several chromatographic techniques and obtained two nucleosides (uridine and thymidine) and one purinic nucleus (hypoxanthine). The butanol phase resulted in the isolation and identification of two nucleosides (2?-deoxyguanosine and thymidine). Samples of Eudistoma vannamei were collected in São Gonçalo do Amarante (Ceara State). The methanolic extract from E. vannamei was partitionated, giving rise to hexane and hydroalcoholic phases. The hexane phase inhibited the sea urchin egg cell cycle and xiii exhibited toxicity in cell line B-16. It was fractionated by chromatographic techniques and obtained five fatty acid methyl esters in mixture (methyl myristate, methyl palmitate, methyl stearate, methyl palmitoleate, and methyl oleate), two steroids (cholestanol and cholesterol), and five fatty acids (myristic acid, pentadecanoic acid, palmitic acid, margaric acid, and stearic acid). The hydroalcoholic phase resulted in the isolation and identification of two nucleosides (guanosine and adenosine). The substances were identified by spectroscopic and chromatographic methods comparing the obtained values with those of the literature and standards. The nucleosides 2?-deoxyuridine and 2?-deoxyguanosine inhibited the sea urchin egg cell cycle in both stages. The fatty acid methyl esters from D. psammatodes, the palmitic acid plus stearic acid and the glyceryl ethers inhibited the sea urchin egg cell during first cleavage. The fatty acid methyl esters from D. psammatodes presented the highest toxicity in the cell lines tested and the mixture of fatty acid methyl esters from E. vannamei showed toxicity to leukemia cell lines too. Both samples of fatty acid methyl esters showed antiproliferative and cytotoxic effects and these activities involved the inhibition of DNA synthesis and induction of both necrosis and apoptosis.

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