Characterization and use of diazotrophic bacteria isolated from different rice cultivars originated from Maranhão State. / Caracterização e uso de bactérias diazotróficas isoladas de diferentes cultivares de arroz originárias do estado do Maranhão.

AUTOR(ES)
DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

2008

RESUMO

Several works have shown that rice crop can benefit from the association with diazotrophic bacteria. However, the biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) in rice is dependent of a complex interaction among the plants, microorganisms and the ecosystem. The general objective of this work was to evaluate the contribution of BNF in varieties of rice originated from the State of Maranhão. The specific objectives were: a- To isolate and characterize native diazotrophic bacteria originated from soil cultivated with rice in Maranhão; b- to select the most efficient bacteria in relation to dry matter accumulation and grain yield; c- to study the relationship between FBN and the teor of proteins in the grains. For the isolation was used two rice varieties (IR42 and Diamante) and two traditional rice varieties of Maranhão (Zebu Branco and Manteiga), grown in soil samples originated from three districts of Maranhão, being one of high lands (Bacabal) and two of lowland area (Arari and Vitoria do Mearim). Samples of roots, stems and leaves were grounded and inoculated in nitrogen free semisolid semiselective media: NFB, JNFB, LGI, LGIP and JMV. Around 304 isolates were obtained and classified as belonging to the species Azospirillum amazonense, Azospirillum lipoferum and Azospirillum brasilense, Herbaspirillum spp. and Burkholderia spp and a non identified group that was clustered based only in the morphological characteristics. The genetic diversity of the isolates was evaluated through the amplification of 16S DNAr subunit using the Polymerize Chain Reaction (PCR) technique and digestion of the amplified products with restriction enzymes (ARDRA). Restriction fragment profiles confirmed the identity of most of the isolated and showed high diversity mainly for the bacterial isolates characterized as Burkholderia. Isolates representative from the different groups were tested in gnotobiotic conditions, in pots and in the field using different rice varieties originated from the Maranhão State. Two other cultivars were used as controls. It was observed that among the isolates tested, the Azospirillum amazonense AR3122 and Herbaspirillum sp AR1122 howed potential to promote growth of rice plants and to increase the grain yield of this crop.

ASSUNTO(S)

diversidade microbiana agronomia microbial diversity isolamento. fixação biológica de nitrogênio isolation biological nitrogen fixation

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