Changes in the soil carbon stocks due to agricultural land use in the Southwest Amazonian / Mudança no estoque de carbono do solo devido ao uso agrícola da terra no Sudoeste da Amazônia

AUTOR(ES)
DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

2008

RESUMO

Land use changes such as conversion of natural ecosystems to agro ecosystems are shown to cause alterations in the transformations of soil organic matter (SOM), as well they are responsible for crescent emissions of greenhouse gases (GEE), therefore representing around 20% of total GEE emissions. Over the last 30 years, land deforestation has occurred more intensively in the deforestation arc of Amazonian, particularly in the States of Rondônia and Mato Grosso. The main objective of this research was to evaluate variations in the soil carbon stocks, due to land conversion of native forest to pastures in the Southwest Amazonian region. The specific objectives were to measure some chemical and physical soil attributes, carbon stocks and the remaining soil carbon, through isothopic technique, from the native forest and that incorporated by land use to pastures. Study site (7° and 18° S; 50° and 67° W) was located in the States of Rondônia and Mato Grosso. Soils used in this study were Latosols, Argisols and Neosols, which cover 75% of the total area of both States. The choice of sampling areas was based on a preliminary division of total area in 11 biogeoclimatic region, followed by randomized selection of cities. Soil samplings were realized during June/July 2007, according to five treatments: native forest (forest, savanna and cerradão) (NA), pasture (PA) under different managements, perennial crops (PE), areas under no tillage (PC) and tillage management (PD). Experimental design was randomized with five replications. Soil samples were collected in the following soil layers: 0-5, 5-10, 10-20 and 20-30 cm. Results showed that PD decreased pH in the deeper soil layers. For all treatments pH illustrated a dominance of negative charge. Soil density was found to be highest in the degraded pastures. Carbon contents showed a positive correlation with the clay+silt contents for all soil layers in the different land uses. In the 0-30 cm layer, PC management showed a tendency to increase soil carbon stocks (51,46 Mg ha-1), followed by PD (48,76 Mg ha-1), PA (46,75 Mg ha-1) and PE (46,75 Mg ha-1), although significant differences among study sites were not found. In the forest, 13 C values showed a variation from -28 to -26 in the soil depth; while in the pasture 13 C variation was lower than in the forest (-22 a -24 ), probably due to the presence of remaining carbon from the forest in the deeper soil layers. The age of pastures did not influence directly the accumulation of soil carbon, as well the highest carbon stock was found in the pasture with 18 years of use. Soil texture (30-60% clay+silt) determined the highest annual rate of carbon stocks (2,14 Mg ha-1 ano-1) in the PD management. The difference between carbon stock estimated by ArcGis 9.0 software and that found in this study was 0,53 Mg-1 ha-1 for all different soil types and vegetation.

ASSUNTO(S)

aquecimento global uso do solo. amazon. global warming efeito estufa gás carbônicos (emissão) carbono química do solo amazônia co2 emission land use changes soil carbon matéria orgânica do solo

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