Changes in cytosolic pH and calcium of guard cells precede stomatal movements.

AUTOR(ES)

Irving, H R

RESUMO

Stomatal opening is induced by indoleacetic acid (IAA), cytokinins, and fusicoccin (FC), whereas stomatal closure is induced by abscisic acid (ABA). To test the effect of these growth regulators on guard cell cytosolic Ca2+ ([Ca2+]cyt) and pH (pHcyt), epidermal strips were taken from the lower side of leaves of the orchid Paphiopedilum tonsum and were loaded with acetomethoxy-esterified forms of the Ca2+ indicator fluo-3 or the pH indicator 2',7'-bis(2-carboxyethyl)-5(6)carboxyfluorescein. Basal [Ca2+]cyt ranged from 0.05 to 0.3 M and was 0.22 +/- 0.015 (n = 21). Increases in both [Ca2+]cyt and pHcyt were observed in guard cells after application of 10-100 M ABA to open stomata, and these preceded stomatal closure. The increase in [Ca2+]cyt ranged from 1.5- to 3-fold and was seen in 7 of 10 experiments. Guard cell alkalinization began within 2 min of ABA treatment and continued for the next 8 min. The increase ranged from 0.04 to 0.3 pH unit and was seen in 13 of 14 experiments. Guard cell [Ca2+]cyt increased, whereas pHcyt decreased after treatment of closed stomata with IAA, kinetin, or FC. In response to 50-100 M IAA, [Ca2+]cyt increased 1.5- to 2-fold in all cases, and pHcyt decreased 0.2-0.4 unit within 5 min in 7 experiments. Within 12 min, 10-100 M kinetin caused [Ca2+]cyt to increase in 28 of 34 experiments (1.3- to 2.5-fold) and pHcyt fell 0.1-0.4 unit in 15 of 17 treatments. The response to 10-50 M FC was similar in both time and magnitude. These results show that stomatal opening is accompanied by an increase in [Ca2+]cyt and cytosolic acidification in the guard cells, whereas stomatal closure is preceded by an increase in [Ca2+]cyt and cytosolic alkalinization in the guard cells. The order of these events is still uncertain, but changes in pHcyt are correlated with stomatal movement, and these changes may be an important factor in the regulation of guard cell movement.

Documentos Relacionados

• Changes in Stomatal Behavior and Guard Cell Cytosolic Free Calcium in Response to Oxidative Stress.
• Effects of auxin and abscisic acid on cytosolic calcium and pH in plant cells.
• Agonist-evoked changes in cytosolic pH and calcium concentration in human platelets: studies in physiological bicarbonate.
• Visualizing Changes in Cytosolic-Free Ca2+ during the Response of Stomatal Guard Cells to Abscisic Acid.
• Measurement of intracellular calcium and pH in avian neural crest cells.