Caracterização hidrológica de duas microbacias visando a identificação de indicadores hidrológicos para o monitoramento ambiental do manejo de florestas plantadas. / Hydrological characteristics of experimental catchments for the identification of hydrological indicators for the environmental monitoring of forest plantations.

AUTOR(ES)

Andreia Arruda de Oliveira Mosca

DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

2003

RESUMO

The present work consisted of the hydrological characterization of two catchments aiming to identify hydrologic criteria and indicators that can contribute for the implementation of better management practices of Eucalyptus plantations, as well as the evaluation of possible impacts of these activities on catchment yield and quality. The experimental catchments are located at Fazenda Santa Terezinha, Bofete (SP). The catchment E is covered with Eucalyptus grandis, management for sawmill situated at Eucatex S.A. Catchment P is covered with pasture, traditional land use in the region. The quantitative hydrological characterization was based on the analysis of rainfall and streamflow data during two consecutive years (November of 2000 the October of 2002). The average annual precipitation for the water year of nov/00 out/01 was 1.893,80 mm and 1,407.90 mm for nov/01 out/02. The annual streamflow for the same water years were 148,76 mm and 125,62 mm, respectively. The average losses caused by evapotranspiration in the monitored period amounted to 1,513.66 mm. For catchment P, the streamflow observed for the water year of nov/00 out/01 corresponded to 383,35 mm and for nov/01 out/02, to 365,67 mm. The average losses for evapotranspiration in this catchment corresponded to 1276,34 mm. The average temperature observed between set/01 ago/02 was 21,38 ºC and the average relative humidity, 69,67 %. Catchment P presented a higher variation for all the studied parameters used physicist-chemistries to evaluate the quality of the water of the emanation and a lesser resilience. The reduced concentrations of nutrients losses in streamflow of catchment E, coupled with a more stable hydrological responses, reflect better protection from Eucalyptus forest. In the catchment, it was verified that the soil resistance to penetration in the plantation line, between trees, was lower than that observed outside of the plantation line. For catchment P, the evaluation it was made in the cattle track, where the values of soil bulk density and resistance to penetration were higher than those observed outside the cattle track. The suggest visual indicators of catchment health shown correspondence with the observed results. The monitored catchments are part of a broader of catchment environmental and monitoring developed by the Institute of Forest Research and Studies, through the Laboratory of Forest Hydrology of the Department of Forest Sciences of the Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz", University of São Paulo (ESALQ/USP).

ASSUNTO(S)

qualidade da água. forest hydrology monitoramento ambiental small catchment proteção ambiental environmental protection manejo florestal microbacia hidrográfica compactação dos solos hidrologia florestal soil compactation forest management water quality. balanço hídrico environmental monitory water balance

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