Caracterização de biomassas brasileiras para fins de aproveitamento energético / Characterization of brazilian biomasses for energy recovery

AUTOR(ES)
FONTE

IBICT - Instituto Brasileiro de Informação em Ciência e Tecnologia

DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

29/02/2012

RESUMO

New energetic alternatives have been the subject of discussion about conservation of natural resources. Such discourses are based mainly on reducing emissions of greenhouse gases and other pollutants, caused mostly by the use of fossil fuels, major source of energy today. In view of the applicability of biomass as energy input, this paper presents an experimental study on the potential energy of six vegetable biomasses in nature. Furthermore, studies were performed on the flowability of the foregoing. The biomasses studied were: rice husk (Oryza sativa L.), sugarcane bagasse (Saccharum officinarum L.), coconut fiber (Cocos nucifera), hedgehog Brazil nut (Bertholletia excelsa) and two types of timber, caixeta (Tabebuia cassiniodes Lam.) and jequitibá-rosa (Cariniana legalis), and, which were submitted by physical, thermal and flowability characterizations. The techniques applied were: screening, helium pycnometry, geometric methods and scanning electron microscopy for the physical characterization and immediate and calorimetric analysis for the thermal characterization. The analyses were performed in a range of particle size previous determined, between B and D categories of Geldart. The mean diameters were studied between 0.5 and 3 mm, absolute density between 1450 kg/m³ and 1720 kg/m³ and sphericity between 0.42 e 0.60. Morphological analysis showed different surfaces: rough (rice husk), cylindrical (coconut fiber and sugarcane bagasse), vessel elements (wood), woody surrounded by core with blind small pores (hedgehog Brazil nut). The flowability analysis of biomass has been defined by the index set, Hausner ratio (RH) and Carr compressibility (ICC), as well as angle of repose (AOR). The results showed that the most of the materials showed good or reasonable flowability especially rice husk, the hedgehog Brazil nut and caixeta timber. Thus, a new classification on the flowability was proposed considering the following indexes: Class 1 - Good (HR: 1 - 1.30; CCI: 5 - 15%; ROA:10 - 30º), Class 2 - reasonable (HR: 1.30 - 1.50; ICC: 15 - 25%; AOR: 30 - 45º), Class 3 - Low (RH: 1.50 - 1.80; ICC: 25 - 35%; AOR: 45 - 55º) and class 4 - difficult (RH: >1.80; ICC: >35%; AOR: >55º). For immediate analysis, it was detected: high content of volatile materials (>80%), low fixed carbon content (<20%) and low ash (<16%). The calorific value is substantially constant for the diameters considered, varying from 15 MJ / kg to 19 MJ / kg. With these data, we conclude that the biomasses present energy potential favorable for application as raw materials for power generation.

ASSUNTO(S)

propriedades físicas propriedades termicas escoamento energia - fontes alternativas physical properties thermal properties flow energy

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