Características estruturais, fitossociológicas e produtividade de um campo sobre basalto supercial / Phytosociological, structural and productivity characteristics of a native pasture on basaltic litolic soil

AUTOR(ES)
FONTE

IBICT - Instituto Brasileiro de Informação em Ciência e Tecnologia

DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

2011

RESUMO

Few studies had adequately described the characteristics and productive capacity of natural grasslands associated to shallow basaltic soils in Pampa Biome. This study was carried out on natural pasture at Santana do Livramento municipality, in the Campanha region of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil aiming to describe their floristic and structural diversity and to understand the productivity dynamics associated with animal performance. 232 vegetal species from 40 botanical families were identified in the floristic survey, with predominance of Poaceae and Asteraceae. The Shannon-Wiener Diversity and Equability Pielou Indexes were 3,00 and 0,874, respectively. Bare soil and rock outcrop represents 19,3% of surface area. Multivariate analysis revealed only two different pattern of vegetation, both with high degree of internal aggregation, determining the structural variability of the pasture. One characterized by the presence of tall species and associated with deep soils and the other in the shallow soils and presence of prostrated species. The evaluation of agronomic characteristics of the pasture and the effect of mineral supplementation or not on the development of Hereford heifers during the period between 14 and 25 month of age were tested in a completely randomized block design with three replicates. Continuous grazing with variable stocking rate was used in order to maintain minimal forage allowance of 13% of live weight/day. Different physiognomic patterns identified "a priori" as "open", "closed", "soft" and "indecorum", were characterized respectively by dry matter mass of 547, 1552, 3053 e 829 kg/ha and 3,3, 8,6, 16,5 e 5,5 cm of average high and occupied 32, 52, 12 and 4% of the entire grassland surface. Independent of the vegetation patterns measured accumulation forage rates were 27, 14, 3 and 17 kg/ha of dry matter, in summer, autumn, winter and spring, respectively. Good live weight daily gains were obtained during autumn and spring but the high percentage of dead material in the forage on offer during winter affected negatively the animal performance in this season. Average animal performance was not affected by supplementation treatment and all heifers reached two years age whit a body score condition of 3,2 and 337 kg of average weight that allow to attain 100% of pregnancy.

ASSUNTO(S)

campanha, região (rs) planta forrageira campo nativo

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