Características audiológicas de pacientes com diabetes mellitus tipo 2

AUTOR(ES)
DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

2009

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic syndrome, characterized by hyperglycemia with potential to injure different organs, including eyes, kidneys, heart, blood vase, nerves and brain. If the anatomic and physiological changes resulting from the process of hyperglycemia has the potential to injure blood vase and nerves, it is believed that the organs responsible for hearing may also, be affected by diabetes, causing audio variations in these patients. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the hearing of the type 2 diabetic patients, analyzing the audio threshold and cochlear function and to investigate the association between audiological findings, chronic complications and comorbidities. METHODS: The crosssectional analytical study was conducted at the Integrated Center of Hypertension and Diabetes of the State of Ceará. The sample was consisted of patients with diabetes mellitus type 2, regardless of sex, aged between 30 and 60 years, from April to July 2009. Was performed pure tone audiometry, transient evoked (TEOAE) and distortion product (DPOAE) from otoacoustic emissions. RESULTS: Of the study with 152 diabetic patients, 62.5% were female. The medium age was 53.4 6.02 years. The average time in diagnosis of diabetes was 11.2 6.3 years. The findings related to hearing showed audio loss in 63.2% of the patients, all of which were sensorineural with a predominance of bilateral and symmetric hearing losses, mild and flat configuration. The otoacoustic emissions analysis showed 114 (75%) patients with abnormal TEOAEs and 120 (78.9%) DPOAEs. The hearing thresholds average by frequency assumed values above 25dB from the frequency of 4 kHz, showing greater commitment to high frequencies. The association of hearing loss with the studied variables have shown a greater risk for males, aged over 50 and overweight (obesity). For TEOAEs was found more risk in men and in patients with obesity, and for the DPOAEs in men and in older age. CONCLUSION: The evaluation of hearing results showed a predominance of bilateral symmetrical sensorineural hearing loss, with more pronounced in high frequencies and greater involvement of the left side. The otoacoustic emissions analysis revealed a high percentage of changes, which have shown more injury in high frequencies and on the left side. The correlation between the results of audiometry and otoacoustic emissions have shown that the part of the sample had presented an absence of otoacoustic emissions before normal audibility thresholds, suggesting that the outer hair cells of the cochlea are damaged in this population. Sex, age and overweight/obesity were associated with hearing loss. Regarding to emissions, sex and overweight/obesity were associated with the absence of TEOAE; and sex and age with absence of DPOAE. The other variables have shown no statistically significant association for hearing disorders studied.

ASSUNTO(S)

diabetes mellitus - dissertaÇÕes audiÇÃo - dissertaÇÕes saude coletiva

ACESSO AO ARTIGO

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