Capacidade funcional e qualidade de vida de indivíduos idosos de Porto Alegre

AUTOR(ES)

Maria Cristina Garcia de Lima Caneppele

DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

2007

RESUMO

Background: The growth of the elderly population is a worldwide phenomenon. The elderly have chronic diseases that lead to various degrees of incapacity, which increases with age and makes them dependent in their activities of the daily living (ADLs), and in the instrumental activities of the daily living (IADLs). Objectives: the objective of the present study was to assess the functional capacity, verifing the prevalence of functional independence in a representative sample from southern Brazil, as well as to identify its association with life quality. The present research is one of the subprojects of the study of Syndrome of Obesity and Risk Fators (SOFT). Participants and methods: This cross-sectional population-based study of elderly individuals, aged 60 to 90 years old, was selected through a multistage probability sample including participants from 106, out of 2157, census sectors of Porto Alegre. A standard questionnaire was applied in the household in order to investigate socioeconomic and demographic characteristics, life habits, risk factors for cardiovascular disease, as well as the Index of Independence in the activities of the daily living, developed by Katz (1969) and the Instrumental Activities of Daily Living Scale created by Lawton and Brody (1983). The questionnaire Short Form-12 of quality of life (Ware, 1996) was also administered. Complex Samples module of SPSS was used for data analysis in order to take into account the design effect. The differences between proportions were tested by Pearson¿s chi-square test; the variance and covariance analyses were used to compare the averages and the multiple logistic regression analysis to calculate the odds ratio and 95% confidence interval. Results: the age average was similar between elderly man and women, and the sex and age distribution was similar to the one of the census of the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics. Besides higher scholarity (8,8 vs. 6,6 years), men referred to being married more frequently (75,7%) than women (31,9%), which were mainly widows or were separated and residing alone more often than men. Except for the color of the skin and the fact of residing alone or not, all the researched characteristics were significantly associated with age. An inverse relationship between age and scholarity and between age and being married or residing with a companion was identified, as well as a direct relationship between age and being retired, being separated or a widow, and needing a walking assistance device. Also, it was observed a direct relationship, regardless of age and sex, between scholarity and independence to perform instrumental activities of the daily living, not however, to the activities of daily living. The practice of regular physical activity was a predicting factor for functional independence in both ADLs and IADLs. This study verified a larger tendency for independence among men for the total of the ADLs (94% vs. 89% for women; p=0,09) and IADLs(94% vs. 88% for women; p=0,04) domains. The reduction of functional independence with age among men was observed in most of the ADLs and IADLs. Among women there was a reduction of functional independence in every activity, except the use of the telephone. The masculine sex was associated, regardless of age, to higher scores on the physical and mental components of quality of life. Age associated inversely with the physical component, while scholarity made it directly, but none of those characteristics showed any relationship with the mental component. Being physically active and possessing a lower number of chronic diseases associated significantly with both mental and physical scores. Conclusion: the elderly individuals investigated in the SOFT study are representative of the elderly population of Porto Alegre. The differences between elderly man and women include: socio-economical characteristics, life habits and functional independence. Men present a higher quality of life than women regardless of age.

ASSUNTO(S)

the elderly functional capacity atividades cotidianas epidemiologia idoso quality of life activity of daily living (adl) porto alegre atividade motora instrumental activity of daily living (iadl) qualidade de vida

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