Canine neonatal clinical, hemogasometric and radiographic assessment in eutocia or elective cesarean section / Parâmetros clínicos, hemogasométricos e radiográficos para avaliação respiratória de neonatos caninos nascidos em eutocia ou cesariana eletiva
AUTOR(ES)
Liege Cristina Garcia da Silva
DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO
2008
RESUMO
Technical and scientific deficit related to veterinary neonatology is conspicuous. It is known that the canine mortality rate is up to 30% in the first weeks of life. In Human Medicine, neonatal cardio-respiratory assistance is well established and widely used. Thus, the objectives of the present study were to compare the respiratory system pattern at birth and its evolution during the first hour of life in puppies born through eutocia or cesarian section; to standardize neonatal respiratory system assessment under distinct obstetrics conditions; to correlate clinical general variables to the specific respiratory ones; to identify the most sensible and specific variables in order to attain neonatal respiratory diagnosis; to quantify the phospholipids lecithin (L) and sphingomielin (S) in amniotic fluid; to establish the L/S ratio and its correlation with lung maturity. Forty-one canine neonates were allocated into 2 groups according to the whelping condition: group 1 - eutocia and group 2 - elective cesarean section. The following assessments were performed at 0, 5 and 60 minutes after birth: Apgar score and rectal temperature. Venous hemogasometric evaluation was attained after birth and 1 hour later. Lung x-ray was performed between 0 and 5 minutes of life. Group 2 neonates showed lower vitality, with Apgar score significantly inferior at birth and after 5 minutes. Nevertheless, there was full satisfactory recovery at 5 minutes in both groups, with the Apgar score superior to 7. There was a significant reduction in rectal temperature with hypothermia at 5 and 60 minutes of birth in both groups. Respiratory pattern was irregular at lung auscultation, with mild to moderate sounds, but all neonates evolved properly among the first hour of life. Lung x-rays indicated relevant alterations in 17% of the puppies of group 1 and 30% of group 2. Cardiac silhouette and the main caudal bronchi were clearly visualized and the image of the thymus appeared like an enlarged domed volume in cranial mediastin, adjacent to the heart. The radiographic findings ranged from mild to moderate diffuse or restricted opacification of pulmonary parenchyma. Little or no definition of the cardiac silhouette, the main bronchi and the vagueness of the thymus were all findings consistent with pulmonary edema. All puppies presented acidemia at 0 and 60 minutes after birth, with partial recovery of the acid-base disorder in both groups during the first hour of life. L/S ratio was 7,29 (±3,55) for group 1 and 5,89 (±4,87) for group 2, with no statistical difference between them. In conclusion, obstetric condition influences neonatal respiratory pattern evaluation; lung auscultation associated with pH and pCO2 hemogasometric values, which were more sensible and specific to identify respiratory disorders at birth; lecithin and sphingomielin were quantified in the amniotic fluid; L/S ratio was established and indicated lung maturity regardless of the whelping condition.
ASSUNTO(S)
aparelho respiratório surfactant surfactante canine neonate radiografia pulmonar respiratory system neonato canino apgar score escore apgar lung radiography
