Bioecologia e competição de duas espécies de parasitoides neotropicais (Hymenoptera: Braconidae e Eulophidae) de Liriomyza sativae Blanchard, 1938 (Diptera: Agromyzidae) / Bioecology and competition of two neotropical parasitoid species (Hymenoptera: Braconidae and Eulophidae) of Liriomyza sativae Blanchard, 1938 (Diptera: Agromyzidae)

AUTOR(ES)
FONTE

IBICT - Instituto Brasileiro de Informação em Ciência e Tecnologia

DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

04/10/2011

RESUMO

We studied the biology of two species of parasitoids associated with Liriomyza sativae Blanchard, 1938 in the state of Rio Grande do Norte (RN), Brazil: the koinobiont larval-pupal parasitoid Opius (Gastrosema) scabriventris (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) and the larval idiobiont parasitoid Chrysocharis vonones (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae). The following parameters were evaluated: the influence of temperature on the egg-adult development and their thermal requirements; instar preference for parasitism and host killing; capacity of parasitism, host killing, and longevity at 25 and 30ºC; and competition of these species. The study also aimed to develop a rearing technique of the leafminer L. sativae for the production of parasitoids of this pest. The threshold temperatures for the egg-adult period of O. scabriventris and C. vonones were similar, 7.3 and 7.4ºC, respectively. Our data afforded an estimate of 29.4 annual generations of O. scabriventris and 30.5 of C. vonones in Mossoró, a melon production region in RN, i.e., 4.9 and 6.0 more generations than the host L. sativae, respectively. The total parasitism at 25 and 30ºC of O. scabriventris and C. vonones was similar between the species. However, at 25ºC the life span of eulophid females was on average 12.9 days less than the braconid, causing a higher mean daily parasitism. The host-killing behavior at 25ºC was responsible for 24% and 32% of the total mortality of L. sativae larvae for P. scabriventris and C. vonones, respectively. This percentage remained approximately the same, 26% for both species, at 30ºC. In both competition tests where two larvae quantities of L. sativae were available, the species C. vonones overcame O. scabriventris. According to the results of the biological parameters and of competition, at 25ºC, C. vonones was more indicated as a biological control agent of L. sativae, while at 30ºC, both parasitoids, O. scabriventris and C. vonones, demonstrated a similar capacity for the control of L. sativae. The L. sativae rearing system is efficient and suitable for commercial application: it uses low-cost materials, requires little space, and optimizes the time spent with the reduction of stages in the rearing process. This technique for rearing the leafminer can form a basis for mass rearing of parasitoids for application in classical or applied biological control programs.

ASSUNTO(S)

insects rearing biologia biological control biology competition controle biológico insetos - criação leafminer parasitoids insetos parasitóides - competição mosca minadora.

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