Avances de la fruticultura en México

AUTOR(ES)
FONTE

Revista Brasileira de Fruticultura

DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

2011-10

RESUMO

Official statistics in 2008 indicate that 20 species of temperate climate fruit trees were cultivated in 264 944 ha and the production value was $ 14 741 million pesos; while 35 species of tropical and subtropical fruits were cultivated in 1 822 748 ha and the production value was $ 43 463 million pesos. Of the 55 fruit trees, only orange (Citrus sinensis), mango (Mangifera indica), avocado (Persea americana), Mexican lime (C. aurantifolia), banana (Musa acuminata), Persian lime (C. latifolia), and apple tree (Malus domestica) were cultivated in more than 50 000 ha, it explains why the supply of fruits in large cities (Mexico City, Monterrey, Guadalajara, Puebla, Veracruz, among others) is limited. Thinking about that 79,27% of the tropical and subtropical fruit planted area is rain fed; plant propagation is not grown in certified nurseries (only citrus trees), the plantation densities and yields are lower than others producing countries. Moreover, due to the lack of specialists, in the last 28 years the fruit demand has been solved by increasing the planted area, but yields have decreased. The new diseases; huanglongbing, Papaya meleira, Sunblotch, create the necessity of challenges and opportunities, if we use technological advances. If we use high density, dwarf trees, plants of known genetic origin and phytosanitary quality, which allows having higher yields and thus competitiveness, fruit crops could be a viable alternative.

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