Avaliação técnica e econômica para aproveitamento da biomassa caprina em biodigestores no Semi-Árido Baiano.

AUTOR(ES)
DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

2010

RESUMO

The exhaustion of some fossil energy sources, caused by the increasing demand in the last years, as well as the worldwide consciousness about the environment issues, has brought a continuous quest for new sustainable means of production. In this new context, the biogas technology represents a real possibility of generating clean energy and, at the same time, the reduction of environmental impacts. At Bahia state in Brazil there is a big caprine livestock whose wastes may cause serious sanitary problems. The management of this residues in the biogas process make possible the reduction the pollutants and, besides that, the generation of methane or biogas, and biofertilizer that is a big source of nutrients for the soil. This study analyses the technical and economical viability of implanting biogas in the bahian semiarid region, using a mechanism based on the employment of the caprine wastes. The methodology applied in this research was related, thus, to the biogas process and the concepts of sustainability. It was made a survey of the bahian cities that were selected according to three relevant aspects: existence of caprine livestock in the districts, availability and water quality. First, These were characterized the caprine wastes for the generating of energy (biogas) and effluents (biofertilizer) by quantifying the residues as well the biogas and biofertlizer production. Afterwards, these were considered some technical indicators such as the biogas volume, the chemical composition, energetic equality to the LPG (Liquefied petroleum gás), the biogas conversion to electricity, the biofertilizer volume, equivalence to the sintetic fertilizer and the carbon credit. The technical and economical viability has involved the analysis of the biogas performance, its conversion into economical values and the computing of benefits vs costs, Net Present Value (NPV), Internal Rate (IRR) and Payback. In order to doing so, some investments estimated for the use of biogas were based on the caprines quantity, including or not the costs of workforce. The found results evidenced that, in certain conditions, the implantation is not workable for the durability of the biogas and for the reduced size of livestocks. The main reasons were related to the incorporation of workforce and carbon credit. On the other hand, this study also indicates the viability for the use of biogas in smallhoder farmes in which the workforce is not incorporated, mainly if there is the management of wastes in the generation of biogas for use as LPG and the generation of electricity and biofertilizer. In these cases, the payback is lesser than two years and the TIR reaches to 66% for the combined management of GLP and biofertilizer.

ASSUNTO(S)

viabilidade técnica e econômica caprinos alternative energy sources caprines semiarid soil fontes alternativas de energia biogas semiárido technical and economical viability biodigestor economia regional

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