Avaliação quantitativa do risco microbiológico em águas e biossólidos: estado da arte / Quantitative microbial risk assessment: state of the art in water and biosolids

AUTOR(ES)

Raquel de Fátima Ignoto

DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

2010

RESUMO

The quantitative microbial risk assessment is the process used to estimate the probability of infection, disease or death after exposure to pathogenic microorganisms present in water, biosolids, food and air. This research aims to describe the state of the art of quantitative microbial risk assessment associated with water and biosolids, and to describe the approaches and steps used in conducting the proceedings, report the applicability and discuss the difficulties and needs in the conduct of QMRA. As a search with a descriptive-explanatory character, there was a literature review on the subject on the following databases: SciELO, LILACS, DEDALUS, MEDLINE, PUBMED and in documents produced by the World Health Organization and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. In literature it was found that the QMRA has been used since the early 1980s to estimate the risk to human health. There are different approaches used in the conduct of the tool, they differ in the way of organizing and systematizing the information, but they are similar. The most used approach is the one proposed by the NRC and consists of four steps: hazard identification, exposure assessment, doseresponse assessment and risk characterization. It was found that the exposure assessment is presented as the most complex steps of QMRA due to: i) methodological limitations in determining the concentration and viability of pathogens in water and biosolids, and ii) lack of exposure data and consumption. It was verified that the use of the tool is prominent in assessing the risks from exposure to pathogens in drinking water, recreational water and wastewater, as well as from exposure to soils and crops fertilized with biosolids. It is a tool that is relevant in the international arena and has been consolidated in the establishment of limit values of pathogens present in different sources, in developing standards, guidelines and laws, as well as for discussion and implementation of plans for water and food security. However, it is a relatively unfamiliar tool used in our country that can come to attend current demands related to water and biosolids, such as: i) establishment of limit values for pathogens and tolerable risk, ii) proposition of methods of treatment and control, iii) creation and revision of standards, regulations and laws and iv) implementation of public policies for promotion and protection of human health

ASSUNTO(S)

Águas avaliação de risco microbiológico biosolids biossólidos quantitative microbial risk assessment water

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