Avaliação in vitro dos efeitos da nicotina e cotinina sobre a expressão de proteinas e capacidade de adesão e invasão de Porphyromonas gingivalis / In vitro evaluation of nicotine and cotinine effects on protein expression and adhesion and invasion abilities of Porphyromonas gingivalis

AUTOR(ES)
DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

2009

RESUMO

Cigarette smoking is associated with the development of periodontitis and the decreased response to periodontal therapy. P. gingivalis is an important colonizer of the subgingival biofilm and is one of the major pathogens involved in the initiation and progression of periodontal disease. However, the possible effects of major cigarette s derivatives on P. gingivalis were not fully investigated. Thus, the purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effects of nicotine and cotinine on the protein expression and cellular adhesion and invasion abilities of P. gingivalis. To evaluate protein expression, P. gingivalis W83 cultures were exposed to nicotine and cotinine 6 and 600µg/mL concentrations, the proteins were extracted, separated by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (12.5% PAGE) and identified with LC-MS/MS. The gels were run in triplicates and detection of proteins was obtained by staining the gels with Coomassie blue. Proteins differentially expressed were digested with trypsin, and the peptide samples sequenced using a Q-TOF API LC-MS/MS system. The MS/MS was searched against the MSDB and NCBI databank using Mascot program. In order to assess P. gingivalis adhesion and invasion abilities, KB cells monolayers and P. gingivalis ATCC 33277 cultures were exposed to 0.1, 10 and 100 µg/mL nicotine and cotinine concentrations. The epithelial cells were incubated for 24 h while P. gingivalis was exposed to these substances until early logarithmic phase. After incubation period, P. gingivalis were submitted to assays to evaluate adhesion to and invasion of KB cells. The number of bacteria associated with these cells was assessed by counting the colony-forming unities. The results from protein expression analyses showed that addition of nicotine and cotinine promoted alterations in proteome profile of P. gingivalis. Among ± 430 protein spots reproducibly detected on each gel, 20 protein spots were downregulated, and 42 were upregulated at least in one treatment (p<0.05; ANOVA - Tukey test). The identified proteins are involved in several processes, i.e. energy production, protein synthesis, oxidative stress, virulence, transport and binding activities. Data obtained from adhesion and invasion assays evidenced that epithelial cells inoculated with nicotine and cotinine did not show any significant differences in P. gingivalis colonization. When P. gingivalis was exposed to the higher concentration of cotinine, adherence and invasion of this bacterium to the epithelial cells markedly increased (p<0.05; ANOVA - Tukey test). However, nicotine and the other concentrations of cotinine did not alter the colonization ability. These findings indicate that nicotine and cotinine may affect P. gingivalis protein expression. In addition, cotinine may alter positively P. gingivalis adhesion and invasion efficiencies

ASSUNTO(S)

microbiologia espectrometria de massas cotinine nicotina proteome adaptation mass spectrometry adaptação biologica proteoma microbiology adesinas bacterianas biological nicotine cotinina bacterial adhesins

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