Avaliação dos instrumentos de políticas públicas na conservação integrada de florestas e águas, com estudo de caso na bacia do Corumbataí - SP / Evaluation of public policies issues for a comprehensive conservation of water and forest, with a case study at Corumbatai river basin (São Paulo, Brazil)

AUTOR(ES)

Ricardo Augusto Pessoa Braga

DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

2006

RESUMO

Forest and water keep a strong relationship in several hydrological functions. Catchments with forests have lower flow peaks, have better water quality and the forests also contribute for nutrients cycling and river protection. In addiction water provides forest vitality and contributes for its biodiversity and several environmental tasks. Water and forests can be used as economic resources, provided there are conditions of renewability, attention to ecosystem support capacity and assurance of natural development process. This requires comprehensive strategy for water and forest conservation for a catchment sustainability. Deforestation induces reduction of water availability for agriculture, industry and human consumption. Nowadays several river basins present lack of water and need import water from neighboring basins to attend man necessities, despite Brazil and São Paulo state legislation and institutions that should avoid that situation. This fact leads to the hypothesis that the public policy is insufficient or wrongly used to improve environmental quality. To test the hypothesis, 13 instruments have been identified and grouped in 3 categories. For land regulation: master plan, environmental zoning and legally protected areas; for environmental control: environmental licensing, environmental surveillance, water use grant and environmental compensation; for decision making: river water quality classification, environmental monitoring, information system, environmental education and instances of colegiate decision. The above instruments have been evaluated at Corumbatai river basin (tributary to Piracicaba river) in middle west of São Paulo state. Results have shown limitations of each instrument and its implementation means with consequent non effectiveness for water and forest conservation and recuperation. For instruments effectiveness it is necessary a joint elaboration of catchment future environmental scenario, including public policy towards this scenario, legislation, institutional configuration, clear and simplified procedures beyond social participation and control. To achieve this aim it is necessary to train local leaders, rescue municipality role and incorporate economical mechanisms for environmental management. Last, a new institutional configuration is proposed for Corumbatai river basin including a basin subcommittee, a multi municipality partnership, a regional articulation net, a water plan for sustainable development, a protected area system, a steady communication program, environmental education and support decision and technological development system.

ASSUNTO(S)

environmental management floresta e água bacia do corumbataí public policies gestão ambiental políticas públicas corumbatai river forest and water

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