Avaliação de doze cultivares de laranja doce de maturação precoce na região sudoeste do Estado de São Paulo. / Evaluation of twelve early maturing sweet orange cultivars in the southwestern São Paulo State

AUTOR(ES)

Marina Maitto Caputo

FONTE

IBICT - Instituto Brasileiro de Informação em Ciência e Tecnologia

DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

22/06/2012

RESUMO

The number of sweet orange cultivars used in commercial orchards in Brazil is restricted, although the diversity of genera, species, cultivars and clones of citrus is great. However, the industrial processing is based on four main cultivars, the \ Hamlin\ , as early maturing, the \ Pera\ , as mid-season, and \ Natal\ and \ Valencia\ as late maturing cultivars. Anchored on these four cultivars, the orange juice industry processes fruits from June through December with greater intensity, January and February with lower supply, and the period from March through May is considered off season. Therefore, it is extremely important to select varieties that produce during this period. The objective of this study was to evaluate the horticultural performance of twelve early maturing sweet orange cultivars and identify those better than the \ Hamlin\ sweet orange, aiming to offer new options for producing fruits with quality, as for fresh fruit market as for industrial utilization, during early citrus harvest season in the southwest region of São Paulo state. The cultivars \ Hamlin\ (early maturing standard cultivar), \ Westin\ , \ Pineapple\ , \ Ruby\ , \ Seleta Vermelha\ , \ Mayorca\ , \ Valencia 2\ , \ Oliverlands\ , \ Kawatta\ , \ IAPAR 73\ , \ Salustiana\ and \ Valencia Americana\ were evaluated. The experimental design was completely randomized with four replications, consisting of three plants of each cultivar per plot. Data concerning vegetative growth (plant height, stem diameter and canopy volume), production and yield efficiency, fruit morphology (mass, width, length, size, shell thickness and number of seeds) and the characteristics of internal fruit quality (total soluble solids, acidity, percentage of juice, \"ratio\", technological index, ascorbic acid, color indexes of pulp and peel) were collected The averages were compared to \ Hamlin\ sweet orange (standard cultivar) and analyzed by Dunnett test. To evaluate the characteristics simultaneously, performance indexes were estimated for identifying promising cultivars for utilization as for juice industry as for consumption fresh fruit market. \ Oliverlands\ was the sweet orange cultivar which showed higher plant height and plant volume, higher production and yield efficiency as compared to \ Hamlin\ sweet orange. The cultivar \ Westin\ showed higher performance index for the industrialization process, whereas \ Valencia 2\ and \ Salustiana\ sweet oranges had adequate performance indexes for fresh fruit market. There was no cultivar of sweet orange that had the simultaneous ability for the juice industry and for fresh fruit market in the southwestern region of Sao Paulo state.

ASSUNTO(S)

eficiência produtiva fruit quality fruto - qualidade Índices de desempenho laranja maturação vegetal maturation performance indexes sweet orange yield efficiency

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