Avaliação de componentes minoritarios de oleos vegetais nos processos tecnologicos

AUTOR(ES)
DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

1997

RESUMO

We report the effects of individual steps of industrial and laboratorial refining on the alteration of selected minor constituents of oils, such as com, soybean and rapeseed oils such as sterols, steradienes, steryl ester, tocopherols and tocotrienols, polymeric glycerides, trans fatty acids. Total sterols, determined by capillary GC, decreased by 18 to 36% in the fully refined oils, as compared to the crude oils, however, the relative proportion of the individual sterols was essentially not altered. The steradienes, dehydration products of sterols, were determined by simple clean up in a short. silicagel column, followed by HPLC with UV detection. The level of total steradienes, normally not present in crude oils, increased after each refining step, especially after deodorization. The steryl esters were also determined via clean-up in a short silicagel column, followed by HPLC with evaporative light scattering mass detector. A minor decrease in the level of total steryl esters was observed after complete refining. The individual tocopherols and tocotrienols were determined by HPLC using a fluorescence detector. The level of total tocopherols and tocotrienols decreased after complete refining. In all the three cases maximum reduction was observed after the deodorization step. The level of polymeric glycerides, determined via clean up in a short silicagel column followed by size exclusion HPLC, increased to some extent during refining. The level of trans fatty acids, determined by capillary GC, also increased after refining. Steryl esters content in refined com, soybean and rapeseed oils was measured after chemical interesterification, cata1yzed by sodium methoxide, and led to some increase in the steryl esters content of all the three oils, whereas enzymatic interesterification, catalyzed by immobilized lipase from Rhizomucor miehei (Lipozyme), resulted in a distinct reduction in steryl ester content. Formation of steryl esters during chemical and enzymatic interesterification was also examined by radioactive tracer technique using [4-14C]β-sitosterol as marker added to refined rapeseed oil and measuring the content of radioactive steryl esters formed. Chemical interesterification of rapeseed oil resulted in moderate formation (10% of total radioactivity) of radioactive β-sitosterol esters. Enzymatic interesterification of the oil, catalyzed by Lipozyme, led to very little formation of radioactive β-sitosterol esters, whereas high proportions (>90% of total radioactivity) of 14C - labeled β-sitosterol esters were formed by the lipase froro Candida cy/indracea.

ASSUNTO(S)

essencias e oleos essenciais cromatografia de gas cromatografia liquida de alta eficiencia

ACESSO AO ARTIGO

Documentos Relacionados