Avaliação da exposição da população à poluição relacionada ao tráfego no município de São Paulo / Traffic-related exposure assessment at São Paulo city

AUTOR(ES)

Giovana Iara Ferreira Moser de Toledo

DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

2010

RESUMO

Introduction- Sao Paulo is one of the largest cities in Latin America, with almost 11 million inhabitants and around 6 million vehicles. Although traffic is the main source of air pollution, few studies investigated the relationship between vehicle pollution and health outcomes. Most studies analyzed health effects using average concentrations of environmental pollution for the whole city, which cannot give evidence for intra-urban gradients of exposure. Objectives- To evaluate the populations exposure to traffic-related air pollution and its association with hospital admission for respiratory diseases among children and adolescents aged 0-18 years. Methods - Concentrations of CO, NOx and PM10 were modeled using CALINE-4 dispersion model, in two periods: summer (January) and winter (June). Hospitalizations due to respiratory diseases (by private and public assistance) were geocoded by the residence address. IBGEs census sectors were considered as unit of analysis. A logistic regression model was used to estimate the association between exposure to traffic-related air pollution and hospitalization for respiratory disease which, allowing for HDI as a socioeconomical indicator. Results- Spatially, pollutants presented higher concentration at the central area of the Expanded Center of Sao Paulo city. Temporally, higher concentrations were observed at winter periods. Traffic-related pollutants was directly associated with hospitalization for respiratory disease among children and adolescents aged 0-18 years. Children and adolescents who lived in census sectors ranked in the 4º quartile of CO in the winter period had 80 per cent greater chance of being hospitalized for respiratory diseases. Conclusions- Traffic-related pollutants increase the chance of children being hospitalized for respiratory diseases. Socioeconomic conditions (evaluated by the HDI) also raised the chance of hospitalization. The method used in this study is important for micro-scale evaluations of the relationship between vehicular pollutants and population health. Other Brazilian cities or cities from developing countries may benefit from this approach, since models are less expensive and faster than air quality monitoring campaigns or acquisition/maintenance of air quality monitoring stations

ASSUNTO(S)

respiratory diseases poluição do ar doenças respiratórias poluição relacionada ao tráfego sao paulo avaliação da exposição traffic-related pollution exposure assessment são paulo

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