Avaliação da conformidade de práticas de controle e prevenção da pneumonia associada à ventilação mecânica em um hospital público de ensino / Evaluation of compliance to the practices of control and prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia in a public teaching hospital

AUTOR(ES)
DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

2009

RESUMO

There is a present consensus that the process of control and prevention of infection associated to health services (IAHS) based on result indicators is limited to recognize the real conditions in which assistance practices are performed. So, processual evaluations have been required to know the conformity level of these events in relation to recommendations given by scientific evidence now available. The aim of this study was to analyze the conformity of adhesion to the practices of control and prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) by means of specifically elaborated processual clinical indicators. These practices corresponded to: a) Evaluation of adherence to specific measures of prevention and control of VAP: maintaining the bed in a 30-45 degrees head-up position; daily respiratory physiotherapy; use of sterile solutions for nebulizers and inhalers; material of respiratory therapy in use respecting established routine of change; b) Evaluation of adherence to oral hygiene; c) Evaluation of adherence to hand-washing procedures when performing orotracheal aspiration, change of tape of the orotracheal cannula and oral hygiene. This was an applied research involving findings on performance of practices and procedures aiming to access its quality, through a prospective transversal and analytical design. It took place in an Adult-ICU of a Public Teaching Hospital. The casuistic corresponded to opportunities of evaluation of the selected practices performed by nurses, nursing assistant, nursing technicians and physiotherapists in the three work shifts in patients with orotracheal intubation. The sample was based on the expected conformity of 80%, with 1,748 evaluations distributed among the selected practices performed by means of direct observation and registers in patient records. Instruments and evaluators were submitted to tests for measuring compliance. The general conformity adhesion index obtained in the specific measures of control and prevention of VAP was 68.0%, of which the afternoon shift presented the greatest index (72.4%) and the morning shift with the lowest index (63.2%). The index of general conformity to the practice of oral hygiene was 60.1%, of which the morning shift presented the best index (72.4%) and the night shift with the worst (47.4%). Among the mentioned modalities the largest conformity was the CHX 0.12% application in all shifts, but only the morning shift reached the minimum expected conformity (90% in the morning; 73.7% at night and 72.9% in the afternoon). The less accepted modality was teeth cleaning and CHX 0.12% application in all shift works (3.6% at night; 28.6% in the afternoon; 33.3% in the morning). General conformity of hand hygiene practice in the performance of selected procedures was only 10.7%, the largest conformity represented by orotracheal aspiration (18.9%), followed by tape change (7.9%) and oral hygiene (5.3%). The morning shift obtained the best adherence (16.7%) and night shift the worst (3.1%). In this practice the best index of conformity was observed among the physiotherapists (25.8%), followed by nurses (15.6%) and the nursing assistants and technicians (4.4%). We concluded that the lack of the expected general adherence of 80% in all the evaluations justify a review of the rules and routines established, as well as the elaboration of strategies capable to assure a permanent adherence to the control and prevention practices of VAP, associated to a continuum analysis of infrastructure and work conditions. It was also evident the relevance of processual evaluations as routine activities of control and prevention programs of VAP

ASSUNTO(S)

indicadores de qualidade cross infection quality of indicators health care infecção hospitalar pneumonia associada à ventilação mecânica/prevenção e controle pneumonia ventilator-associated/prevention &control measures

ACESSO AO ARTIGO

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