"Assessment of hte potential risk of lesion of the facial nerve during peauricular and submandibular approaches to the surgical treatment for mandibular condylar process fractures" / "Avaliação do risco potencial de lesão do nervo facial nas vias de acesso pré-auricular e submandibular no tratamento cirúrgico das fraturas do processo condilar da mandíbula"

AUTOR(ES)

Flavio Francisco de Godoy Peres

DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

2002

RESUMO

SUMMARY The facial nerve is an important surgeon concern while approaching the mandibular condylar process in the fracture surgical treatment. The preauricular and submandibular pathways are the two most frequently used approaches, which have a direct relation to the temporalis and marginalis mandibulae branches of the facial nerve, respectively. The lack of knowledge over possible variations on their anatomical distribution and mastery of the fundamental elements on surgical technique jeopardize the patient to the postoperative sequels. About the preauricular approach, there is a well-established tragus anterior incision. Some authors point out a continuous relaxing incision as a preventive maneuver to avoid lagophtalmus, for instance. The opening of an unique plane formed by the profound face of the temporoparietal fascia in the temporal region, deep face of periostheum over zygomatic arch and parotideomasseteric fascia as well generates a protective flap which includes facial nerve branches that cross up-and-forwardly the zygomatic arch. In regards to the submandibular approach, the angle and lower border of the mandible as well facial vessels are scientific well-known anatomic landmarks to place the initial incision, preventing the facial nerve from lesion. Nevertheless, recent scientific publications point out some frequent multiple branching patterns in the marginalis mandibulae, a facial nerve branch, always underneath platysm muscle in a variable caudad distance from lower border of the mandible. The lack of identification of the nerve may lead to different degrees of lower lid sequel by compression or strechening strengths, electric burns during imprecise adjacent bleeding vessels electric coagulation maneuver, or even a complete nerve transection responsible for a permanent paralysis of the lower lid. Thermal or mechanical injury should be avoided during haemostatic and synthesis maneuvers. The intra-operative pre-incisional mapping of the facial nerve (patient under general anesthesia), a very new method already on experimentation seems to be a promising tool in the nerve localization in the way to guide the surgeon before initial incision.

ASSUNTO(S)

facial nerve buco-maxillo-facial nerve mandibular fractures nervo facial fraturas mandibulares cirurgia bucomaxilofacial

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