Aspectos clínicos, diagnósticos e tratamentos da estefanofilariose em vacas leiteiras

AUTOR(ES)
DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

2008

RESUMO

Stephanofilariasis is a worldwide disease caused by the nematode Stephanofilaria spp that determines skin lesions in several definitive hosts. The prevalence is higher in summer due to the increase in fly population, the intermediate host. In cattle, the chronic dermatitis is characteristic begining with papules that progress to nodules, alopecia and ulcers with crusts. Economic losses are associated with wound complications and costs with treatment. Despite it s long time recognition, there are few studies and reports about this disease, specially in Brazil. This work was conducted in order to investigate clinical features of stephanofilariasis in dairy cows, to compare two methods for the diagnosis confirmation and to compare the efficacy of four topical treatment protocols. Fifty-eight naturally affected dairy cows from seven herds located in Santana do Itararé, state of Paraná, and Itaberá, state of São Paulo, were studied from January 2006 through August 2008. Two methods for the diagnosis confirmation were compared using biopsied tissues from the border of the skin lesion: the histopathological examination (n=24) and the direct sediment examination of an isotonic saline solution in which the tissue fragment remained soaked (n=20). Four topical treatments were performed: 1% ivermectin (n=11), 2% ivermectin (n=10), 6% trichlorfon (n=10) and 6% trichlorfon plus pour on ivermectin (n=11). The prevalence was higher from December to March (57%) and lactating cows were primarily affected (87,9%). The cranial aspect of the fore mammary glands was the main site of the skin lesions (96,7%), chiefly near the ventral midline (55%). The characteristic wound was of circular shape, ulcerated with crusts and serosanguineous exudation. Chronic dermatitis with eosinophilic and mononuclaer cell infiltrates was the histopathologic change pattern present. The parasite was not detected in any histologic section examined. The direct sediment examination otherwise proved to be efficient for the diagnosis confirmation revealing the nematode adult forms in all the specimens. All four treatment protocols tested were successful and the outcome was reached in one to two months. Treatment with vaseline oitment with 6% trichlorfon was more profitable showing the better cost-benefit relation.

ASSUNTO(S)

parasitologia veterinária bovino de leite - doenças estefanofilariose veterinary parasitology dairy cattle diseases

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