Aspectos acústicos da fala na representação teatral das emoções / Acoustic aspects of speech in the theatrical representation of emotions

AUTOR(ES)
FONTE

IBICT - Instituto Brasileiro de Informação em Ciência e Tecnologia

DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

10/06/2011

RESUMO

This study investigated emotional differences by means of acoustical aspects of speech in theatrical representations of emotions in Brazilian Portuguese (PB), above all the behavior of the fundamental frequency (F0 ) and the aspects of intonation of the four emotions: happiness, anger, fear and sadness and of neutral speech. Although the concept of emotion is difficult to define, supporting theories have been sought in consecrated authors such as SCHERER (1985) EKMAN (1984), DESCARTES (1988) and other representatives of Semiotic Passion such as GREIMAS; FONTANILLE (1998) who are still known as passions showing immature physiological inference although of a great descriptive value. The F0, the intensity of the voice, the rate of speech (LAUKKA, 1994) and spectral energy (BANSE; SCHERER, 1996) are the parameters most closely related to emotions as they are values that express the changes in breathing, phonetics and articulations of the individual. Intonation, represented acoustically by the variation of F0 is also frequently used to differentiate emotions as these are related to the vocal expression of the speaker. A speech sample was produced by three professional actresses aged between 40 and 50 with an average of 20 years in the profession. The voices were recorded in the laboratory of Studio Multimeios in the Electronic Computation Center of the University of São Paulo (CCE-USP) using Sound Forge 9 software for sound editing. The actresses read the text (corpus) in a neutral voice and then interpreted the emotions of happiness, anger, fear and sadness, repeating them five times for each interpretation including the neutral speech, making a total of 25 recordings for each actress. Support was sought for similarities sustained by Semiotic Passion, to justify the choice of emotion presented by the actors instead of spontaneous speech and the emotion evoked. The corpus used in this research was a text already used in FIGUEIREDO (1993), one of the reasons for this choice being the fact that it is an arid text which does not evoke emotions when reading. It was necessary to divide the text into smaller linguistic units (three sentences) in order to analyze the data more efficiently. The theoretical basis for this stage of research of dividing up the text is prosodic phonology as proposed by Nespor and Vogel (1986). In order to obtain the values of F0, the sentences were divided into still smaller units (syllables). In order to obtain the values of F0 and an intonation curve, the software Praat.5.1.23 was used and the scripts correlated. The data was submitted to a descriptive statistic. The actresses SL and KK interpreted happiness at a higher frequency range, followed by anger. Only the actress AA interpreted fear with average F0 values, lower than all the other emotions including neutral speech. The behavior of F0 corroborates the researched literature. By means of the study of intonation of the four emotional sentences and the neutral speech, it was possible to identify the interference of emotion in the linguistic aspects of the sentence, mainly fear as the declarative sentences of Brazilian Portuguese were expected to be descending curves and not ascending as was the case for this emotion. The results of these studies contribute to the differentiation of emotions; however it is necessary to include more subjects and to analyze them with more detail from a statistical point of view.

ASSUNTO(S)

acoustic acústica emoção emotion fonética fonoaudiologia phonetics speech therapist teatro

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