As influencias da filosofia kantiana e do movimento romantico na Genese da Geografia Moderna : os conceitos de espaço, natureza e morfologia em Alexander von Humboldt / Influences of the Kantian philosophy and the Romantic Movement in the Genesis of Modern Geography : the formation of the concepts of space, nature and morphology in Alexander von Humboldt

AUTOR(ES)
DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

2008

RESUMO

The master s degree dissertation that we presented takes form in the analysis of Genesis of the Modern Geography starting from the space concepts, nature and morphology. These concepts, elemental in the construction of the modern geographical knowledge in Alexander von Humboldt, it send to a linked scientific-philosophical-artistic itinerary to the philosophy Critical kantiana and the German romantic movement. In Kant highlighted as the space a priori of the Critic of the Pure Reason it is harnessed to the delimitation of a valid field of analysis for the sciences, the sphere of the phenomena. Equally, we still presented with the First Critic (CRP) and with the First Metaphysical Beginnings of the Science of the Nature the philosophical base on which the natural science are structured, growing freely under a pragmatic domain and in search of clear and defined objectives, no more the elementary and last truth; context in which a Modern Geography emerges. Still in Kant, the Critic of Judging puts, preceded by the subject of the organism, the matter under which will take form a conception teleological nature. This nature with an independent end of the reason penetrates in the romantic universe and it is worked of many sort things out, being interested, excessively, carried out them for Goethe and Schelling. The nature in Goethe is linked to the ideal in production-reproduction for the form. The synthesis in the form is the measure of this process, the manifestation in the instant of that that is disposed in a continuous dynamics, the relationship unseparate between whole and parts in a metamorphic perspective. In Schelling this nature is taken as a real term in ideal, in other words, it overcomes the perspective simply negative of the "no-me" fichtiano, appearing in sense teleological in a synthetic relationship with the spirit. The measure of that union, the connection in synthesis between spirit and nature is the explanatory key for the paper of the subjectivity in the objectivity, a connection among who that is passive and assets in the reception of the scene for the intuitive perspective. The ideal of the nature, this that ties everything in the universe is the vital force in Humboldt; it is permeating in the organic and inorganic sphere of an activity integrate, inseparable. Finally, the romantic movement, in him included Goethe and Schelling, it corroborates an art perspective that should be incorporate in the larger task of knowing not only intellectually, but also esthetically. The art appears as larger element of manifestation aims at of the synthesis between spirit and nature, that, finally, that is the maximum of representation of the reality and, as such, the highest point reached by the knowledge that, at a time, it is also to be that is intended known. The Geography appears as modern science in the philosophical confluence of this multiple scientific-artistic-philosophical legacy for the incorporation humboldtiana of the space concepts, nature and morphology. The way and the private context in that takes form the geographical science is point of having noticed interest for the production of a scientific knowledge that, every minute, dialogues with its history and, in the reading that we propose, also with the Philosophy

ASSUNTO(S)

filosofia alemã nature natureza geografia philosophy geography german

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