Arquitetura residencial das superquadras do Plano Piloto: aspectos de conforto térmico

AUTOR(ES)

Darja Kos Braga

DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

2005

RESUMO

Brasília, capital of Brazil, is a new city, planed and built between 1956 and 1960. The objects of this study are the residential buildings, constructed from 1958: most of those followed the modern style, using horizontal strip windows. This often implicates in facades with a high percentual of glazing. However, most of the buildings dont have any kind of solar protection (nor had any preoccupation with correct orientation). For tropical climates this is not adequate. The climate of Brasilia is classified as tropical of altitude and has two seasons well defined: hot-humid in the summer and hot-dry in the winter. On clear days the direct solar radiation enters in high quantity inside the apartments, elevating the temperatures that frequently exceed limits of thermal comfort. Trying to solve the problem the residents handle, each one with their own criterion, awnings, solar films, systems of air conditioning etc. The result are visually polluted facades, what is a relevant question, considering that Pilot Plan of Brasilia is considered National Patrimony and as well Cultural Heritage of Humanity by UNESCO, due to the quality of his architecture and urbanism. This article exposes these problems and, through simulations with the software Ecotect, proposes some solutions, in order to achieve environmental (thermal and luminous) comfort in these apartments, with minimum interventions in the original architecture. The results appointed that most of the residential blocks was not projected and implanted respecting bio-climatic principles. The field research demonstrated that 82% of blocks exhibit facades with elements which aim is minimizing high temperatures, confirming that the principal cause for discharacterization is the discomfort by heat.

ASSUNTO(S)

residential buildings simulação computacional arquitetura e urbanismo conforto térmico architecture and urbanism arquitetura residencial moderna

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