Aptidão tecnológica do bagaço de maçã para aplicação em produtos extrusados e panificados / Aptidão tecnológica do bagaço de maçã para aplicação em produtos extrusados e panificados

AUTOR(ES)
DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

2009

RESUMO

The processing of apples for the extraction of juice gives origin to a solid residue called apple pomace. This material contains a great amount of fibers, which makes it a good ingredient for the nutritional enrichment of various edible products, mainly because of its positive effects in the prevention or treatment of some diseases, mainly, for its metabolic effect in the gastrointestinal tract. The aim of this work was to analyze the technological application of apple pomace in expanded edible products and in cookies. The apple pomace was dehydrated and ground. For the dehydrated apple pomace shelf-life estimative, the product was packed in PE film of 60μm and stored at 20, 30 and 40C temperatures. In the extrusion process, the apple pomace was with ground cornmeal and tested in a single-screw extruder. A 23 Factorial Design was tested and the independent parameters were the moisture contents of the sample (14 and 22 %), the addition of apple pomace (8 and 24 %), and the temperature (85 and 105C). For the cookie processing, the mass was plated, printed and baked at 200C. A 23 Factorial Design was tested, and the independent parameters were the addition of apple pomace (10 and 26 %), of fat (17 and 33 %) and of sugar (27 and 43 %). The dependent variables were the expansion, the hardness; the specific volume; the water solubility and absorption and the milk absorption. The apple pomace presented a fiber content that varied of 60 to 75 %. The quality loss of the apple pomace was caused by the darkness and by the development of rancidity flavor due to lipid oxidation. This results suggest that the product stored at 20C has 11,5 months shelf-life time. In the extrusion process, the physical expansion properties and the specific volume were negatively affected by the temperature, the moisture and the fiber contents. But with the addition of 8% of fiber, and with the other variables at their lowest level, the extruded product presented an expansion and a specific volume comparable to many products that do not contain fiber. The hardness increased as the variables moisture and fiber increased, but decreased when submitted to a higher temperature, which evinced an interaction among these variables. The addition of the fibre in cookies influenced negatively the expansion, however the interaction with the ingredients fat (inferior limit), and sugar (superior limit), allowed to increase the hardness and to reduce the percentage of milk absorption. These characteristics are of interest when a cookie must keep this characteristics of texture, to be consumed immersed in milk. Expanded products and cookies with apple pomace presented a high percentage of dietary fiber.

ASSUNTO(S)

extrusão by-product subproduto fiber cookies self life vida de prateleira extrusion fibras biscoito ciencia e tecnologia de alimentos

ACESSO AO ARTIGO

Documentos Relacionados