Aplicação de geoprocessamento para o aumento da eficiência de percurso em operações agrícolas na cultura da cana-de-açúcar (Saccharum spp.). / Aplication of geoprocessing for increase the way eficient on the agricultural machines operations on the sugar cane (Saccharum spp.) crop.

AUTOR(ES)
DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

2004

RESUMO

The use of machines and agricultural implements in cultures annual or semi-perennial in Brazil is one of the factors that more demands financial resources, due to the cost in fuels, labor and machinery depreciation. Besides, if badly used, can happen environmental damages, such as erosion and compacting soil. Precision Agriculture is growing in Brazil and it is based on soil physical and chemical attributes as well other factors that interfere in the productivity of specific areas. From this stand point, the geometric shapes field, which are influenced by soil environmental and social factors, have a fundamental role in the optimization of the productive processes, influencing directly in the income of the producer. The planning of the shape of the fields and roadways with the use of Geographical Information System (GIS) and Remote Sensing techniques contribute to the optimization of traffic, improving the course efficiency, reducing the number of the machine hours and fuel and labor costs, minimizing the environmental impacts. The present work aimed at using GIS and Remote Sensing to obtain field and roadways maps for the sugarcane crop. The area studied was the Marins drainage basin, located in the city of Piracicaba, São Paulo state. The software used for images georeferencing, map crossing and TIN elaboration was SPRING, developed by INPE (Instituto de Pesquisas Espaciais). Aerial pictures were used for the identification of the fields, roadways, local highways and watersheds, in order to elaborate thematic maps to insert in the system. Contour, land use and soil type in vector format subsidize the elaboration of thematic maps of production scenarios. The information layers were crossed using LEGAL (Linguagem Espacial de Geoprocessamento Algébrico) programming. With this methodology, fields scenarios were proposed, based on criteria insert in the system. The roadway length, the reserve forest, steering time of two agricultural operations, the intersection of plots and farm boundaries and traffic efficiency were calculates. Thus, it was possible simulate an optimized scenario with higher traffic efficiency. This scenario, compared to the currently adopted plot design, would accomplish a decrease in the roadway length steering time, machine hours and increase in the area cultivated.

ASSUNTO(S)

geoprocessing geoprocessamento sugar cane drainage basin agricultura de precisão precision agriculture software aerofotos geographical information systems and spring sistema de informação geográfica microbacia hidrográfica cana-de-açúcar mecanização agrícola

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