"Aplicação de catalisadores de níquel e cobalto preparados via precursores do tipo hidrotalcita nas reações de reforma a vapor, oxidação parcial e reforma oxidativa do metano" / "Application of nickel and cobalt catalysts prepared via hydrotalcite-type precursors in the reactions of steam reforming, partial oxidation and oxidative reforming of methane"

AUTOR(ES)
DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

2007

RESUMO

One of the most important applications of methane is the syngas production, a mixture of H2 and CO. Three processes can lead to syngas formation from methane: steam reforming, CO2 reforming and partial oxidation. Various non-noble metal catalysts were studied in these processes, although the carbon deposition or the metal sinterization is always observed. Catalysts prepared from hydrotalcite precursors have presented resistance to carbon deposition, and considering this aspect they could be applied to the combined process of methane reforming with partial oxidation to produce syngas, with potential to minimize the difficulties of the process: high temperatures and catalyst deactivation. In this work, nickel and cobalt catalysts, prepared from hydrotalcites and promoted with lanthanum and cerium, were prepared, characterized and tested in the reactions of steam reforming, partial oxidation and oxidative reforming of methane, with the goal of evaluating the activity and stability of these catalysts and the effect of promoter addition. The un-promoted catalysts were prepared through three methods: the traditional method, the method of co-precipitation with chelate and the anion-exchange method. The promoter addition was made through the anion-exchange method. The compounds were characterized by Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDX), Specific Surface Area, Thermo gravimetric Analysis, X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transformed Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Temperature Programend Reduction (TPR), X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), X-Ray Absortion Spectroscopy (XAS) and catalytic tests using the folowing reactions of methane: steam reforming with molar ratio in feed of H2O:CH4= 4:1; 2:1 and 0,5:1, partial oxidation with molar ratio in feed of CH4:O2=2:1 e 4:1 and oxidative reforming with molar ratio in feed of CH4:H2O:O2= 4:4:1. All catalysts showed activity for methane steam reforming, except the cobalt catalysts, which did not present activity for the reaction with molar in feed of H2O:CH4= 4:1. The promoters addition favored the shift reaction. For the partial oxidation reactions, the catalysts presented activity for molar ratio in feed of CH4:O2=4:1, with pronounced reduction in the velocity of carbon formation for promoted catalysts. In the oxidative reforming, the coupling of the reactions lead to a favoring in the selectivity for CO2 but a higher velocity of carbon formation."

ASSUNTO(S)

hydrotalcite reforming catalysts hidrotalcita catalisadores reforma

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