Anxiety, depression, sense of coherence and stressors in the pre- and postoperative periods of cardiac surgeries. / Ansiedade, depressão, senso de coerência e estressores nos períodos pré e pós-operatório de cirurgias cardíacas

AUTOR(ES)
DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

2009

RESUMO

Cardiac surgery is a stressful event in a patients life, especially while at the intensive care unit in the immediate postoperative period, and can be aggravated by factors like anxiety, depression and coping capacity. Some patients, however, manage to deal with this stress better than others. This study aimed to assess: the relations between anxiety, depression and sense of coherence of patients in the preoperative period of cardiac surgery; the relations between anxiety, depression and sense of coherence and gender, age, education level and preoperative hospitalization time variables and the relation between preoperative measures of anxiety, depression and sense of coherence in cardiac patients with perceived immediate postoperative stress. Data were collected through individual interviews held by the research at two times during hospitalization: in the preoperative period and in the immediate postoperative period. For the first data collection, an instrument was used to survey sociodemographic and clinical characteristics; the adapted version of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (assessment of anxiety and depression) and the adapted version of Antonovskys Sense of Coherence Questionnaire (assessment of coping capacity). For the second data collection, the adapted version of the Intensive Care Unit Environmental Stressor Scale was used. Spearmans correlation coefficient, Mann-Whitneys test and Kruskal-Wallis test were used for data analysis. Significance was set at 0.05. Study participants were 91 subjects with a mean age of 56.9 years (SD= 13.7); 52.7% were women; 45 (49.5%) were submitted to coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Inverse and moderate correlations were found between sense of coherence and anxiety (r= -0.371; p= 0.000) and sense of coherence and depression (r= -0.516; p= 0.000). Women and patients with lower education levels presented higher anxiety (M= 8.1 and M= 7.6, respectively) and depression scores (M= 5.8 and M= 5.7, respectively). Preoperative hospitalization time was associated with greater anxiety (p= 0.03) and education level was associated with greater depression (p= 0.01). Male patients older than 60 years with higher education levels obtained a higher sense of coherence. The perception of stressors was greater for male patients between 41 and 59 years old, with secondary or higher education level and longer ICU hospitalization time. The most stressful items on the scale were feeling pain and not being able to sleep. It is concluded that a moderate correlation exists between perceived stress measures and anxiety (p= 0.01) and depression (p= 0.003), and a weak correlation between sense of coherence measures (p= 0.09) and stressors.

ASSUNTO(S)

coping anxiety depression ansiedade cirurgia torácica stress enfrentamento estresse depressão thoracic surgery

ACESSO AO ARTIGO

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