Analysis of participation of energy self producers and independent producers in the Brazilian electric sector. / Análise da participação dos autoprodutores e produtores independentes de energia no setor elétrico brasileiro.

AUTOR(ES)
DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

2008

RESUMO

Historically, the electric power supply in Brazil has a role that stands out in the domestic economic growth, due to its capacity to add revenue through the promotion to large-sized industries. Its strong association in the composition of the domestic revenue is of general concern of all individuals involved and interested in the power supply in Brazil, which, in the norms of recent governances, discuss the priority of the investments for the sector. The nationalization of the sector, formerly controlled by small-sized private investors, delegated the State the assignment of promoting its development, providing an energy offer that could accompany the demand increases observed in Brazil. On the other hand, the Government invested and assumed the expansion of the generator park in Brazil, with the construction of some significant work, such as Itaipu and Paulo Afonso, among others. With the development of the economy, the existing work became insufficient, taking into account a strong increase of the demand in all levels of consumption: industrial, commercial and residential. The solution for this obstacle was the privatization of the sector, aiming at investments of the private enterprise, through concessions granted by the State Government. With the proposal of stimulating the sector, various actions were taken to format the sector, which separated the verticalized state companies in the power generation, distribution, transmission and commercialization sectors. The companies that distribute power were the pioneers in the process for assets transfer, followed by the power generation and transmission sectors. Through the opening provided by the Government as from the PND (National Plan for Privatization), the Brazilian electric sector has been experiencing a restructuring, based on experiences of countries such as the United Kingdom, which is a pioneer in the creation of independent distribution, transmission and generation companies, enabling a major efficiency for the power business, and, at the same time, transferring the responsibility of new investments to private agents. A regulatory limit was created in order to establish the Government role in this process as a regulator, defining rules, providing investments in the sector for compliance with the increasing demand, which was noted in recent years. With the consolidation of a highly competitive environment, a new role was defined for large-sized industries in Brazil, the self-producer of electric power, which, as from the new regulatory limit, changed substantially its behavior regarding the acquisition of power, necessary for its production process. The objective of this paper is to analyze the recent development and the investment perspectives in infrastructure in Brazil, with the participation of the selfproducers of electric power at the domestic energetic headquarters, which mainly reemerged after the privatization of the distribution companies that, as from their new management, and aiming at the profit of the company, started to collect from the industrial class electric power rates with no subsidies. High power acquisition costs, generally speaking, reduced the competitiveness of the companies used to little expenses in this sector, thus creating the image of an investor in power generation for his own consumption, as a way to assure manageable costs during the period of its concession. Therefore, there is a search for the development of an analysis of the consolidated data of the sector, and the attainment of the observed post privatization events of the sector, with a comparison with the power acquired by the industry for the self-consumption, associated with the institutional regulatory policy and the indicative planning of the offer of new projects of hydroelectric power plants indicated by the Government. The conclusion of this paper is focused on the comparison between the various types of conventional power acquisition, involving the purchase of input, with the self-production that, on a long-term basis, should be highlighted in terms of economy and guarantee of supply for the industrial production.

ASSUNTO(S)

competitiveness planejamento energético self-production of power electric sector energia elétrica (regulação) - brasil privatização política industrial

ACESSO AO ARTIGO

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