Analise termodinamica de um sistema de cogeração com gaseificação de licor negro / Termodynamic analysis of a cogeneration system with blak liquor gasification

AUTOR(ES)
DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

2007

RESUMO

The pulp and paper industries generate most part of energy for self consumption burning two different fuels: biomass and black liquor, which is more used than the first one. This industrial sector has been used cogeneration systems, to produce electric energy from the combustion of these fuels. In the last years an increase in the production of the industries has caused an increase in the amount of black liquor available for burning, generating a bottlenecking effect in the recovery unit (evaporators and recovery boiler). Operational problems due to corrosion, fouling and explosions risks have aroused because of this great production of black liquor. Another important factor parallel to this is the lifetime of recovery boilers which is near to its end in many brazilian pulp and paper industries. In this scenario of increasing in electric energy consumption and pulp and paper production, generating more industrial residues, the black liquor gasification process has become an interesting alternative to use the excess of black liquor produced in the industries to produce more energy or as a substitute for the traditional recovery boilers. In this work an energy cogeneration system from gasification of black liquor was studied in order to evaluate the technical viability of using this process to replace the traditional one used to produce process vapor and electric energy. To do this a simulation of the cogeneration system was performed in a commercial simulator (HYSYS© 2.2 from Hyprotech), analyzing the influence of the composition of the gas stream from the gasificator over the exergetic losses in the cogeneration system. Mass, energy and exergy balances are presented for the system studied, verifying the irreversibilities of the cycle. The results obtained have shown that the composition of the gases produced in the gasificator has a great influence over the exergy balance of the process, mainly related with the presence of water, hydrogen and carbon monoxide. This was verified buy an exergetic analysis, that has shown that the greatest losses occur in the combustion chamber of the gases. Black liquor gasification process is an incipient and relatively new technology and its full usage in industrial scale still requires more detailed researches. Despite of this, it is becoming more and more attractive and any study that contributes to evaluate its viability may be important to help in the consolidation of this technology

ASSUNTO(S)

licor negro thermodynamic analysis exergy cogeneration black liquor energia eletrica e calor - cogeração termodinamica gaseificação industria de celulose gasification

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