Análise da via de regulação gênica do miRNA156/SPL na brotação lateral e caracterização molecular do processo de emergência da gema axilar de cana de açucar / Analysis of the role(s) of the miRNA156/SPL pathway on branching/tillering and molecular characterization of sugarcane lateral bud outgrowth

Fausto Andrés Ortiz-Morea

Sugarcane is an economically important biofuel crop that recently has become a target for improvement of sustainable biomaterial production due to its high biomass productivity and built-in containment features. Therefore, studies aiming to improve the production of biomass per area are among the most important issues in sugarcane production. Plant biomass is defined, at least in part, by its shoot architecture. Although shoot architecture (branching/tillering) is to some extend influenced by environmental factors, it is determined mainly by the plants genetic program. This includes developmental programs that are regulated by a complex network of genetic pathways that integrate endogenous and environmental cues. Several transcription factors as well as microRNAs are likely part of this network. In this study, we started to investigate the roles of the genetic pathway regulated by the microRNA156 and its targets, the transcription factors SQUAMOSA promoter-binding-protein (SPLs) in sugarcane branching/tillering. We identified six members of the SPL family that were further classified into four subfamilies. In both dicots and monocots, these SPLs are key regulators of the plant shoot architecture. We monitored the expression patterns of SsmiR156 e SsSPL1 in distinct sugarcane tissues/organs. Our observations suggest that miR156 regulates posttranscriptionally SsSPL1 mainly in leaf tissues. We generated transgenic sugarcane plants overexpressing the monocot-specific sugarcane miR156 precursor SsMIR156b/c via biolistic method. This precursor is thought to be important for the evolution of grass shoot architecture. Although we observed higher accumulation of mature SsmiR156b/c in leaf tissues of some transgenic plants as compared with tissues from non-transgenic plants, we could not detect any significant changes in their vegetative architecture. Using deep sequencing approaches, we have generated two small RNA libraries from dormant and outgrown sugarcane lateral buds. Preliminary analyses indicate that a select group of small RNAs are expressed in lateral buds, including over 200 repeat-associated small interfering RNAs (rasiRNAs) and 25 conserved microRNAs (miRNAs). Amongst the miRNAs, miR159 was the most sequenced in the two libraries. We evaluated miR159 accumulation pattern in addition to other selected miRNAs via qRT-PCR in dormant and developing buds. The majority of the evaluated miRNAs accumulate differentially during bud development, though with distinct expression patterns. Interestingly, miR159 accumulates at high levels in dormant buds, but scarcely in developing buds. Conversely, the experimentally confirmed miR159 target, a sugarcane GAMyB-like gene (SsGAMyB), is lowly expressed in dormant buds while its transcripts accumulate at higher levels in developing buds. GAMyB-like genes encode R2R3 MYB domain transcription factors that have been implicated in gibberellin (GA) and abscisic acid (ABA) signaling in germinating seeds. Our data suggest miR159 regulates GAMyB-like genes during sugarcane bud outgrowth. Similarly, SsSPL1 is regulated posttranscriptionally by the miR529, though this gene has sites for both miR529 and miR156. Auxin and ethylene-associated regulatory pathways are affected during sugarcane bud development. Taken together,our data indicate that sugarcane bud outgrowth from rhizomes is a complex developmental process involving hormones, transcription factors as well as microRNAs and other regulatory RNAs.

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