Análise da resposta antioxidativa de células de Nicotiana tabacum cv BY-2 submetidas ao cádmio. / Antioxidant response of by-2 Nicotiana tabacum cells to cadmium stress.

AUTOR(ES)
DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

2004

RESUMO

The contamination of environments by heavy metal pollution, mainly by cádmium (Cd), considered one of the more toxic, is generated by mining and industrial activities, and sewage sludge and phosphated fertilizers used in agriculture. The latter contains Cd in its composition and with continuous agricultural utilization an increase in the heavy metals levels in soils, plants and water sources, have been observed which may contribute to the bioaccumulation and biomagnification in the food chain. A group of peptides termed phytochelatins (PCs) has been identified and are capable of binding heavy metal ions, including Cd and detoxifying the cells by the reduction of free ions in the cytosol. However, oxidative damage often occurs due to the generation of oxygen reactive species induced by heavy metals. A class of antioxidant enzymes has been reported for the scavenging of the oxygen reactive species. Plants exposed to heavy metals may exhibit alteration in enzyme activity. The study of such a response may allow the evaluation levels of tolerance, specificity the response of distinct plant species to levels of pollution in the environment. These data may be useful in breeding programs to select tolerant plants. Moreover, tolerant plants may be used in phytorremediation, by reducing the amount of heavy metals in contaminated soils. In this study, it was observed alterations in CAT and peroxidases activities in BY-2 cells and an extensive increase in GR activity. SOD activity was altered in the isoforms analysed. The results suggest that in BY-2 cells the main defence system to Cd stress is variable during the heavy metal exposure time. The synthesis of GSH, which is used in the synthesis of phytochelatins and substrate for GST is evident during the onset of the stress with CAT and peroxidases taking over the antioxidative responses once the stress becomes severe.

ASSUNTO(S)

cádmio fumo plant biochemistry poluição ambiental tabacco environmentol polution enzimas enzymes bioquímica vegetal cadmium

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