Alterações eletrocardiográficas em cirugias para a colocação de implantes dentários sob anestesia local e pré-medicação ansiolítica" / Electrocardiographic changes during oral implant surgeries under local anesthesia and sedative premedication

AUTOR(ES)
DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

2006

RESUMO

The clinical significance of eletrocardiographic evalution in patients without cardiovascular disease is very small. However, continuous monitoring using electrocardiogram and anxiety control methods, such as behaviour manegement technique and premedication, may be justified in patients with cardiovascular disease undergoing dental procedures that cause stress. The aim of this study was to evaluate the electrocardiographic alterations that occur during oral implant surgeries under local anesthesia with a 2% lidocaine hydrochloride,1: 100,000 epinephrine and midazolam sedation. One hour prior to surgery, patients were given premedication (15 mg midazolam or placebo). The subjects of this study were 15 ASA I patients, who needed bilateral implant surgery on the lower jaw. A total of 30 implant surgeries were evaluated in a double blind study. Electrocardiographic tracing the 12 static leads every two minutes and Lead II was registered in a continuous manner during sugery. Automatic measurement of the following electrocardiographic parameters were also performed: heart rate (HR), duration and amplitude of P wave, ST segment depression, duration of PR segment, QRS complex, and duration of RR, QT and QTc intervals. No statistically significant differences were found between the groups, midazolam and placebo. Howerver, analysis of the data at different stages of implant surgery showed significant difference at 1% level in relation to heart rate and, amplitude of P wave, duration of RR and QTc intervals in the midazolam group. Cardiac arrhythmias were found in 53,3% of the patients. The following cardiac arrhythmias were detected: sinusal tachycardia and bradycardia, sinusal arrhythmia, supraventricular extrasystole, ventricular extrasystole, and blocked atrial extrasystole. Arrhythmias occurred, most frequently, at the begining of implant surgery and during drilling, in a similar pattern in both groups. The arrhythmias detected in these patients were considered low risk factors in patients with no systemic alterations. In conclusion, the use of 15 mg of midazolam seemed to be no different from placebo in this study. During incision, we observed the highest heart rate values and amplitude of P wave and the lowest RR and QTc intervals. Extrasystole and sinusal tachycardia were the most frequent arrhythmias detected in these patients.

ASSUNTO(S)

sedação implantodontia ansiolíticos arrhythmias eletrocardiographics dental implants eletrocardiogramas arritmias sedation

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