Agronomic efficiency of the sugarcane ratoon fertilization with ammonium chloride / Eficiência agronômica da adubação de soqueira de cana-de-açúcar com cloreto de amônio

AUTOR(ES)
DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

2009

RESUMO

The greatest difficulty of incorporation into the soil of nitrogen fertilizer is worrying in the system of "green cane" (sugar cane harvested without burning), and once that urea is the nitrogen source most used, we can incur risks of loss by volatilization of NH3. Accordingly, an experiment was conducted in the field (Distrofic Red Oxisol clayed) to evaluate the agronomic efficiency of ammonium chloride in relation to other commercial sources of N in a second harvested sugarcane ratoon (cultivar SP89 1115), and the effect of residual-N in the subsequent agricultural cycle of growth (third sugar cane ratoon). The experimental design was a randomized block design with four replications. The treatments consisted of four nitrogen sources: ammonium chloride (AC), ammonium nitrate (AN), ammonium sulfate (SA) and urea (U), applied at a dose of 120 kg ha-1 of N, while the ammonium chloride was applied at doses of N: 60, 120 and 180 kg ha-1. It was included a control treatment without addition of fertilizer-N. The mechanical harvesting of second sugar cane ratoon was performed in November of 2006 (without burning) and in December of 2006 the treatments were applied. The harvest of third sugarcane ratoon without prior burning was held in November of 2007 and in December of 2007 was applied 450 kg ha-1 made of a formule 20-5-19, to evaluate the effect of residual-N. For the 2006/2007 agricultural growth season of sugarcane ratoon the greatest production of sugar cane stalks and Pol in t ha-1 related to the nitrogen source were obtained in the SA treatment, and it was significantly different from control treatment, but not differing from the U and CA treatments. The highest average concentration of leaf nitrogen (L+1) were for the treatments with nitrogen, promoting positive effect on foliar concentrations of P, Mg and S. The productivity of stalks (TCH) in the final harvest (November of 2006) responded linearly to the doses of N as ammonium chloride. The margin of agricultural contribution were positive to all treatments, including the control. Regarding the effect of residual fertilizer-N in the agricultural growth season of 2007/2008, there was in general, the concentration of nutrients in the L +1 of sugarcane were within of the considered appropriate range for sugarcane growth in the State of São Paulo. The residual doses-N of AC resulted in significant reduction in the production of stalk (TCH) and sugar (TPH). The residual-N from the SA treatment showed the highest production of stalks, differing from the U and AC treatments. The residual-N from the treatment SA120 showed the most cost-effective for the production of stalks. It was concluded that the AC source at a dose of 120 kg ha-1 of N fertilization was shown to be agronomically effective in relation on N sources commonly used by the sugarcane sector in Brazil, showing lower efficiency of residual-N in the subsequent agricultural growth cycle.

ASSUNTO(S)

cana-de-açúcar saccharum spp nitrogen doses. nitrogen sources adubação fertilizantes nitrogenados.

ACESSO AO ARTIGO

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