Agronomic efficiency of nitrogen sources in sugarcane with green harvest system. / Eficiência agronômica de fontes nitrogenadas na cultura da cana-de-açúcar em sistema de colheita sem despalha a fogo.

AUTOR(ES)
DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

2002

RESUMO

The present work was advanced by a field experiment that was conducted from September 2000 to May 2001 in Piracicaba cane region with the variety SP 80-1842 in the third sugarcane cut, tilled in Arenic Kanhaplodults and with mechanical harvest without burning. The aim of this study was to evaluate the agronomic efficiency from nitrogen sources in sugarcane harvest system without burning. The efficiency was evaluated through: a) measure of N-NH3 losses, b) plant nutritional condition evaluations, c) soil chemical attribute evaluations, d) stem and sugar productions, e) sugarcane juice technological attribute evaluations. The nitrogen dose was standardized in 100 kg ha -1 in every treatment and in the same way to potassium fertilizer which dose was standardized in 150 kg ha -1 of K2O supplied by KCl. The experimental design was in complete randomized blocks with seven factor levels in five replications. The factors were: T0 – Control, T1 – Urea, T2 – Uan, T3 – Urea + ammonia sulfate, T4 – Ajifer, T5 – Urea + gypsum, T6 – Incorporated urea. Losses by ammonia volatilization were evaluated in the treatments T0, T1, T2, T3 and T4 by static semi-open NH3 collectors that were set in each experimental plot where N-NH3 losses were measured. Six different bases were set to each collector, which were applied dose to fit 100 kg ha –1 of nitrogen by different sources. The N-NH3 was collected by foam absorbers soaked in acid solution after that was extracted by KCl solution to be quantified later. Plant nutritional conditions, soil chemical attributes, productivity and quality were evaluated in every treatment. The plant nutritional conditions were evaluated by leaf chemical analysis and the leaves were sampled four months after the sugarcane sprout. Soil chemical attributes were evaluated by samples laboratories analyses and the samples were collected in 0-5 and 5-10 cm of depth four and six months after treatments application. The stem and sugar productivity and juice technological attributes were measured after the harvest. The straw was randomized sampled outside experimental plots and its nutrients content was determinate. The results showed that N-NH3 losses were nearly 35% of the nitroge n applied to T1 and T3 and losses in T2 and T4 were low, nearly 15% and 9%. The leaf diagnosis showed that leaves nitrogen content in treatments with low nitrogen losses was bigger than treatments where nitrogen losses were high. Nitrogen sources applied over the straw resulted in organic matter increase at the soil surface. It didn t happen straw nitrogen and sulfur liberation but the decrease in C/N and C/S relation indicated the possibility to happen nitrogen and sulfur liberation from the vegetal residue. The stalks of sugarcane answered in productivity to nitrogen fertilizer and to nitrogen losses.

ASSUNTO(S)

sugarcane sugarcane straw palha-da-cana-de-açúcar volatilization cana-de-açúcar harvest volatilização colheita nitrogen fertilizer fertilizantes nitrogenados

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