Abertura comercial, comÃrcio intra-indÃstria e desigualdade de rendimentos na indÃstria de transformaÃÃo brasileira

AUTOR(ES)
DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

2004

RESUMO

This thesis studies the impacts of trade openness and intra-industry trade on wage inequalities among skilled and unskilled workers in the Brazilian manufacturing industry in the postopenness trade period. Aiming at that, the effects of the trade openness on the income inequalities are discussed, considering international and national empirical evidences. The impacts of trade liberalization and technology on the productivity, employment, wage and trade flow evolution in the Brazilian industry are also examined. A trade model establishing straight relations among trade openness, intra-industry trade, and wage inequalities is presented as theoretical foundation, based on the theories of monopolistic competition and intra-industry trade. Twenty two kinds of the Brazilian manufacturing industry during the period 1990-2001 are examined, on the level of two and three digits of the âClassificaÃÃo Nacional de Atividades Industriaisâ (National Classification of Industrial Activities). Data from the âPesquisa Industrial Anualâ (Yearly Industrial Research) and information on foreign trade from the âMinistÃrio do Desenvolvimento, IndÃstria e ComÃrcio Exteriorâ (Ministry for Development, Industry and Trade) have been used. The main conclusions of this thesis are: i) in the post-openness trade period an enlargement of the Brazilian industry competitiveness happened, impacting positively the exportations structure, which became more and more intensive regarding high technology products; ii) for the total of the 22 sectors of manufacturing industries analyzed, the Grubel-Lloydsâ global index for intra-industry trade presented a growing trend along the period under analysis: from 48,6%, in 1990, to 78,3%, in 2001, stimulated by the trade openness and economical integration, among other reasons; iii) in a sectorial level, the analysis pointed out that twelve out of twenty-two industries under analysis present trade flows characterized by the intra-industry trade, with a prevalence of industries in which the product differentiation and/or economies of scales are remarkable, in conformity with the trade theory; and iv) in the empirical estimation, it is showed that the increase in income inequalities among skilled and unskilled workers was affected by the intraindustry trade confirming the predictions of the theoretical model used, founded on the theory of intra-industry trade and monopolistic competition. The empirical evidences in respect to the effects of trade liberalization on the income inequalities as presented in this thesis suggest that separating the intra-industry trade from the inter-industry trade is fundamental for a better understanding of the effects of the international trade on the relative income of the skilled workers in the Brazilian manufacturing industry

ASSUNTO(S)

theories of monopolistic competition classificaÃÃo nacional de atividades industriais, teoria do comÃrcio intra-industry trade national classification of industrial activities comÃrcio intra-indÃstria pÃs-abertura comercial economia trade theory teoria da concorrÃncia monopolÃstica trade opnness

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