A lÃgica da diversidade : complexidade e dinÃmica em assentamentos espontÃneos

AUTOR(ES)
DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

2003

RESUMO

In this thesys squatter settlements and slums are presented as truly complex phenomena, characterised by an implicit order identified in their morphological strutucture and in their growth dynamics. Slums and squatter settlements, in this approach, are seen as self-organised systems, and the idea of merely disordered urban object is desmystifyed. We point up that squatter settlements, under certain conditions, present universal patterns, defined by laws which describe their morphological diversity, i.e., they present the same spatial logic, whatever the city in the world. We point up, as well, that it is possible, through computer models based on Complexity Science theories and concepts, to describe spatial aspects of growth and consolidation in these intriguing urban phenomena named spontaneous settlements. These issues are aggrouped in three sections which form this document and are related to interrelated and at the same time complementary steps of this thesys: 1. the contextualisation of the issue Complexity, regarding to urban studies (between order and desorder - contexts); 2. the study about scale multiplicity and fractality in squatter settlements(urban fragmentation - static analysis); 3. the study related to the growth and consolidation of these settlements through computer models (the fourth urban dimension - dynamic analysis). In these studies about spatial patterns and growth dynamics, at first, we analise the morphological patterns of nine slums/squatter settlements in Recife. These settlements are compared to others in Nairobi, central region of Kenya; in Bangkok, capital of Tayland and in the Acera district, Ghana. Regarding the geographical scale, we study scaling laws which define settlements distribution in cities like Recife, Kuala Lumpur, Manila and Lima. Finally, we stress that the theoretical and analytical contributions presented in this thesys migrate towards two directions: on one hand, extracting from Complexity Science the necessary tools to understand the slum as a system; and on the other hand, extracting from slums the patterns which would allow us to better assimilate Complexity as a science

ASSUNTO(S)

assentamentos espontÃneos fractais, ciencias humanas complexidade morfologia, modelos baseados em agentes

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