A exposição aguda ao chumbo induz danos no DNA de vários tecidos do peixe Prochilodus lineatus

AUTOR(ES)
FONTE

IBICT - Instituto Brasileiro de Informação em Ciência e Tecnologia

DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

13/02/2009

RESUMO

Currently there are many works describing the presence of metal pollution in water bodies. Among these metals, lead (Pb) is considered a chemical of great environmental impact due to its high toxicity to live organisms and its wide use in the industrial process of many products. Considering its toxicity and the lack of knowledge concerning lead effects to neotropical fish species, the aim of this work was to evaluate the genotoxicity of lead to the fish Prochilodus lineatus, also known as curimba. Thus, juveniles of P. lineatus were exposed to 0.48 mg of dissolved Pb. L-1 or only to water (negative control) for 6, 24 and 96 hours, in static toxicity tests. Besides, in vitro toxicity tests were carried out with erythrocytes of P. lineatus exposed to the same lead concentration during 1, 3 and 6 hours. Genotoxic damages in erythrocytes, gill and liver cells were analyzed through the comet assay; micronucleus (MN) test and the analysis of other nuclear abnormalities (ENA) were also applied to RBC. The results showed that lead promotes genotoxic damages in RBC, gills and liver cells of P. lineatus. The mean scores of damage obtained in the comet assay, for the three tissues analyzed, after 96h of lead exposure, were significantly higher in relation to their respective negative controls. MN frequencies were very low and no significant alteration was registered after lead exposure. However, ENA frequencies were significantly higher after 24 and 96 h of lead exposure when compared to respective controls. The comet assay with the erythrocytes submitted to in vitro tests showed a significant increase in DNA damage after 1, 3 and 6 h of lead exposure. These results showed that lead, both in vivo and in vitro, was genotoxic to P. lineatus producing DNA breakages in blood, gills and liver cells. Lead did not show aneugenic or clastogenic effects, as indicated by the MN test results; however, the occurrence of erythrocytic nuclear abnormalities reinforced the toxicity of lead to red blood cells.

ASSUNTO(S)

prochilodus lineatus peixe - intoxicação - chumbo chumbo - toxicologia genética molecular fish intoxication lead lead toxicology

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