A emergência da epistemologia naturalizada em decorrência das teses filosóficas de Willard Quine
AUTOR(ES)
Marcelo Jose Wesseling
DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO
2006
RESUMO
Willard Quine constructs a philosophical system inside of which each one of its theses has a role and get a meaning. These main theses give support to the naturalized epistemology, that is central in the authors work. In his philosophical motivation, that is epistemological, Quine investigates the relation between evidence and theory, once theory goes beyond evidence. In the critical revision of the empiricism, the epistemological holism is configured, in which not the individual statements, but the net of beliefs as a whole must be considered. (The experience does not play the decisive paper anymore, as in the neopositivist optics). Science is conceived as a conceptual project consisting of cultural presumptions: there is a subdetermination of the theories by the experience. The thesis of extensionality is configured in Quine. Intentional notions are not accepted since the meaning of words or phrases cant be isolated nor identified. The meaning is constructed empirically by the observation of the use of sentences in determined situations, fact that can be well elucidated by the theory of the linguistic learning. For the theses of the indetermination of the translations and the inscrutability of reference we come to the ontological relativity in which a definitive interpretation of the theory is not looked for. The theories are incommensurable, what compromises the correlation of cultures. In the search to understand how knowledge is achieved, the fundacionist project is abandoned, refusing the possibility to have a priori knowledge; not even science is deduced through observations. Both the bodies and the human being that studies them, are in the same situation in the world. Everything is construction or projection from the stimulations. There is a narrow entrance in the cognitive mechanism as well as a torrential exit. To describe this process, epistemology and natural science had better work together, since science is the best instrument to foresee and to predict. The attitude must be pragmatic. The epistemological naturalism stands as a better scientific and philosophical enterprise. Epistemology is not the queen of sciences anymore. It is inside science itself that the reality has to be described and identified.
ASSUNTO(S)
holismo teoria do conhecimento filosofia quine, w. v. (willard van orman) pragmatismo
