A adesão dos profissionais de enfermagem às precauções de isolamento na assistência aos portadores de microrganismos multirresistentes / Adhesion of nursing professionals to isolation precautions in care for patients with multiresistant microorganisms.

AUTOR(ES)
DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

2004

RESUMO

As microorganisms acquired resistance against antimicrobial agents, multiresistant strains appeared which are difficult to treat. Hence, the total adhesion of health professionals to the precaution measures used in care for patients with multiresistant microorganisms has become essential, with a view to avoiding their dissemination in the hospital environment. This descriptive transverse study was carried out at a philanthropic health institution in the interior of Minas Gerais, Brazil and aimed to evaluate the adhesion of nurses, nursing technicians and auxiliaries to prevention measures used in care for patients with these multiresistant microorganisms. Data were collected in October and November 2003 and were subject to qualitative and quantitative analysis. BARDIN’s (1977) content analysis method was used. Descriptive statistics was used with a view to the quantitative analysis of some data, which were interpreted on the basis of the meaning attributed by ROSENSTOCK (1974a). The Health Belief Model (HBM) allowed us to identify the physical, cognitive and psychological obstacles that justify some professionals’ non-adhesion to the prevention measures oriented towards patients with Multiresistant Bacteria (MRB). As a result of these evaluations, it was identified that nursing professionals adequately perceived the seriousness of diseases caused by MRB, that most of the interviewees linked up the gravity of diseases caused by MRB with difficult treatment or higher mortality rates, while others associated it with the inexistence of treatment. With respect to disease susceptibility, professionals demonstrated a rather limited knowledge about the theme. They perceived themselves as susceptible to MRB, although only some professionals managed to identify the groups that are most susceptible to infection by MRB. A favorable institutional influence was observed when verifying that the institution provides its professionals with the necessary conditions to use the Specific Isolation Protocol. Professional behavior in relation to Individual Protection Equipment (IPE) usage revealed controversies, since many of them mentioned frequent usage, although they admitted that some professionals do not use this equipment in a strict way, for different reasons, among which the most frequent were: the belief that they will not contract the disease, late diagnosis, or due to resistance, that is, without any justification “ ... they do not use it because they do not want to ...”. It was observed that many professionals choose not to adhere totally to the precaution measures. They are not used to washing their hands or scrubbing them with alcohol as frequently as they should, although the material is available. They believe that benefits of adhesion are: protection, prevention of infection/diseases, avoiding dissemination and their safety. With respect to obstacles, they mainly mentioned the lack of beds, late diagnosis and the lack of some kinds of material. As a stimulus towards action, professionals prefer the informal approach in daily practice. We also identified the need to elaborate intervention strategies capable of improving nursing professionals’ behavior and surveyed the problems considered essential to perceive professional beliefs, with a view to the efficient implementation of strategies that should positively change this situation.

ASSUNTO(S)

multiresistant infecção hospitalar multirresistente precautions precauções hospital infection

ACESSO AO ARTIGO

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