Antibiotic Policy
Mostrando 13-23 de 23 artigos, teses e dissertações.
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13. Criteria for the control of drug-resistant tuberculosis
Antibiotic resistance is a growing impediment to the control of infectious diseases worldwide, tuberculosis (TB) being among them. TB kills two million people each year and foci of multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) have been identified in Eastern Europe, Africa, Asia, and Latin America. A critical question for health policy is whether standardized short-course
The National Academy of Sciences.
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14. Strategic interactions in multi-institutional epidemics of antibiotic resistance
The increasing frequency of antibiotic resistance in hospital-acquired infections is a major public health concern that has both biological and economic causes. Here we develop conceptual mathematical models that couple the economic incentives and population biology of hospital infection control (HIC). We show that the optimal investment by a hospital for HI
National Academy of Sciences.
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15. Bacterial endocarditis, mitral regurgitation, and intra-atrial thrombosis following mitral valve replacement
Bacterial endocarditis with positive blood culture occurred on six occasions in a series of 140 mitral valve replacements. In three of these, extensive detachment of the prosthesis with severe mitral incompetence resulted. Re-operation was undertaken in two of these cases. Intra-atrial thrombosis occurred twice. In three other cases, in which intra-atrial th
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16. Acquisition and Duration of Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcal Carriage in Relation to Strain Type
In May 2000, the first outbreak of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium (VREF) was detected in the University Medical Center Utrecht in the nephrology ward. The question arose why some VREF strains spread among hospitalized patients, whereas other strains do not. Thirty patients who were found to be colonized with VREF between May and November 2000 were
American Society for Microbiology.
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17. Antibiotic Resistance in Campylobacter Strains Isolated from Animals, Foods, and Humans in Spain in 1997–1998
Colonization by Campylobacter strains was investigated in human, broiler, and pig fecal samples from 1997- 1998, as well as in foods of animal origin, and antibiotic susceptibility testing was carried out for these strains. Campylobacter strains were isolated in the foods of animal origin (55 of 101 samples; 54.4%), intestinal samples from broilers (85 of 10
American Society for Microbiology.
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18. Epidemiology and control of gonorrhoea in Sheffield.
During the period 1977-83, the fall in the yearly incidence of gonorrhoea in the United Kingdom was greatly exceeded by the fall that occurred in Sheffield (p less than 0.001). This local fall occurred despite a large rise in the yearly number of people with sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) presenting at this clinic, and was associated with falls in the
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19. Invasive Pneumococcal Infections in Denmark from 1995 to 1999: Epidemiology, Serotypes, and Resistance
Danish nationwide surveillance data on invasive pneumococcal disease from the 5-year period from 1995 to 1999, including 5,452 isolates, are presented and described. Annual overall incidence rates, serotype distribution, and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of the isolates were monitored. Major changes in the total annual incidence rate from 27/100,000
American Society for Microbiology.
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20. Comparison of Antibiotic Resistance and Serotype Composition of Carriage and Invasive Pneumococci among Bangladeshi Children: Implications for Treatment Policy and Vaccine Formulation
The nasopharyngeal carriage of Streptococcus pneumoniae is thought to pose a risk for invasive pneumococcal diseases, and the evaluation of carriage strains is thus often used to inform antibiotic treatment and vaccination strategies for these diseases. In this study, the age-specific prevalences, resistance to antibiotics, and serotype distributions of 1,34
American Society for Microbiology.
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21. Deciphering an Outbreak of Drug-Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis
There have been ample warnings that multidrug-resistant (MDR) tuberculosis (TB) will continue to emerge if countries do not strengthen their control of TB. In low-incidence European countries, however, these warnings have been substantiated mainly by outbreaks in association with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive patients. The aim of this study was
American Society for Microbiology.
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22. Nosocomial infection by Staphylococcus haemolyticus and typing methods for epidemiological study.
A patient with chronic myelogenous leukemia became colonized with a Staphylococcus haemolyticus strain and experienced a septic episode caused by this strain during a cytostatic course. The strain was multiply resistant to antibiotics; the MIC and MBC of vancomycin were 2 and 4 mg/liter, and the MIC and MBC of teicoplanin were 4 and 16 mg/liter, respectively
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23. Constant Low Rate of Fungemia in Norway, 1991 to 1996
Since 1991 information on yeast isolates from blood cultures has been recorded prospectively from all microbiological laboratories (5 university and 16 county or local hospital laboratories) in Norway (population, 4.3 million). From 1991 to 1996 a total of 571 episodes of fungemia in 552 patients occurred (1991, 109 episodes; 1992, 81 episodes; 1993, 93 epis
American Society for Microbiology.