Meningitis Bacterial
Mostrando 277-288 de 422 artigos, teses e dissertações.
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277. Efficacy of BMY-28142 in experimental bacteremia and meningitis caused by Escherichia coli and group B streptococci.
We evaluated the activity of BMY-28142 against a K1 E. coli strain and a type III group B streptococcal strain in vitro and in vivo and compared the results with those of cefotaxime and penicillin G, respectively. In vitro, the MICs and MBCs of BMY-28142 were close to those of cefotaxime (less than or equal to 2-fold difference) for E. coli and fourfold less
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278. Use of ampicillin-sulbactam for treatment of experimental meningitis caused by a beta-lactamase-producing strain of Escherichia coli K-1.
We evaluated the pharmacokinetics and therapeutic efficacy of ampicillin combined with sulbactam in a rabbit model of meningitis due to a beta-lactamase-producing strain of Escherichia coli K-1. Ceftriaxone was used as a comparison drug. The MIC and MBC were 32 and greater than 64 micrograms/ml (ampicillin), greater than 256 and greater than 256 micrograms/m
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279. Cerebrospinal fluid penetration of moxalactam in ventriculostomy patients.
The cerebrospinal fluid penetration of moxalactam was simultaneously investigated in three patients with presumed bacterial meningitis. When ratios of simultaneously drawn ventriculostomy to serum moxalactam levels of 1, 2, 3, and 4 h were examined, the penetration ratios were 7.8 +/- 2.4, 11.2 +/- 1.3, 14.2 +/- 2.5, and 15.0 +/- 4.9%, respectively. These ra
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280. Detection of bacterial antigens in body fluids with the Wellcogen Haemophilus influenzae b, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Neisseria meningitidis (ACYW135) latex agglutination tests.
The Wellcogen Haemophilus influenzae b, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Neisseria meningitidis (ACYW135) latex agglutination tests (Wellcome Diagnostics, Dartford, England) were evaluated as methods to detect bacterial antigens in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), urine, and serum from patients with meningitis or sepsis. Antigen was detected in 92% of CSFs from H. in
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281. Haemophilus influenzae Porin Contributes to Signaling of the Inflammatory Cascade in Rat Brain
In the present study we observed that the Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) porin, among the different surface bacterial components, is involved in the pathophysiology of bacterial meningitis. This study demonstrates that inoculation of Hib porin into the fourth cerebral ventricle causes the simultaneous expression of interleukin-1α (IL-1α), tumor necros
American Society for Microbiology.
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282. Therapy of experimental meningitis due to Salmonella enteritidis.
In many areas of the developing world, Salmonella spp. account for greater than 50% of the gram-negative enteric organisms isolated from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The response of Salmonella meningitis to conventional therapy (chloramphenicol and/or ampicillin) is slow, complications arise frequently, and mortality rates of 60 to 80% are common. Two newer ag
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283. Role of cerebrospinal fluid pleocytosis and Haemophilus influenzae type b capsule on blood brain barrier permeability during experimental meningitis in the rat.
The influence of leukocytes and Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) capsule on blood brain barrier permeability (BBBP) to circulating 125I-albumin in normal and leukopenic rats was assessed after intracisternal inoculation of encapsulated (Rd-/b+/02) or unencapsulated (Rd-/b-/02) isogenic strains of Hib. Both normal and leukopenic animals had increased BBBP
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284. Effect of pH changes in cerebrospinal fluid specimens on bacterial survival and antigen test results.
AIMS: To determine the effect of pH changes occurring in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) after sampling on the viability of meningitis causing bacteria, and on the performance of agglutination assays used for the rapid detection of bacterial antigens. METHODS: The pH of CSF collected via lumbar puncture was measured by various methods, and the effects of the follo
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285. Allergic airway inflammation and susceptibility to pneumococcal pneumonia in a murine model with real-time in vivo evaluation
The relationship between allergic airway inflammation and pneumococcal pneumonia is not well understood. We assessed susceptibility to experimental pneumococcal pneumonia in mice with and without allergic airway inflammation. Susceptibility to pneumococcal pneumonia was evaluated by challenging mice with a bioluminescent Streptococcus pneumoniae strain after
Blackwell Science Inc.
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286. Pharmacodynamics of Gatifloxacin in Cerebrospinal Fluid in Experimental Cephalosporin-Resistant Pneumococcal Meningitis
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pharmacodynamics of a new fluoroquinolone, gatifloxacin (AM-1155), in experimental pneumococcal meningitis. The penetration of gatifloxacin into CSF, calculated as the percentage of the area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) in CSF over the AUC in blood, was 46 to 56%. Gatifloxaci
American Society for Microbiology.
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287. Streptococcus suis Serotype 2 Interactions with Human Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells
Streptococcus suis serotype 2 is a worldwide causative agent of many forms of swine infection and is also recognized as a zoonotic agent causing human disease, including meningitis. The pathogenesis of S. suis infections is poorly understood. Bacteria circulate in the bloodstream in the nonimmune host until they come in contact with brain microvascular endot
American Society for Microbiology.
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288. Interaction of pathogenic neisseriae with nonphagocytic cells.
The ability to interact with nonphagocytic cells is a crucial virulence attribute of the meningococcus and the genococcus. Like most bacterial pathogens, Neisseria meningitidis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae initiate infections by colonizing the mucosal epithelium, which serves as the site of entry. After this step, both bacteria cross the intact mucosal barrier.