Vaccinal situation and exposure to biological material: the role of higher educational institutions in the background of graduating students in the health area in the state of Goiás. / Situação vacinal e exposição a material biológico: o papel das instituições de ensino superior na formação de graduandos na área de saúde no estado de Goiás

Silvana de Lima Vieira dos Santos

This is a descriptive study carried out in Higher Education Institutions (HEI) at the State of Goiás Andergraduating students from the last term/grade of courses in the health field took part in this study We aimed at characterizing the exposure to biohazards among andergraduating students from courses in the health area within the State of Goiás; identifying the vaccinal profile of the andergraduating students; characterizing HEI performance on orienting students towards vaccination against immune-preventable diseases of major importance to health professionals (HP) and verifying on students who vaccinated against Hepatitis B the procedure of anti-HBs exam and its outcome A sample test was carried out and with the support of the software Epi-info version 2004 we scored n=651 corresponding to 54% of the population with reliability interval of 95% The research ethic-legal aspects were observed Data was collected by questionnaires validated by three jurors Its application ocurred in a classroom setting Database was structured and processed in the program Epi-info version 2004 and data was presented in figures tables and analysed through descriptive statistics 777 (68,5%) graduating students enrolled on the last grade in 2005 participated in this study Aged between 20 and 55 years mean 34,7 years of age and 83,6% between 20 and 30 years of age Females are predominant with 73,8% 25,4% of graduating students had already been exposed to biological material 64,2% were exposed to sharp instruments together with contact with bloody skin and/or body fluids Among those who were involved in accidents only 35,2% reported them Students showed greater adherence to anti-hepatitis B vaccine referied by 84,9% and only 34,0% took the anti-Hbs tests 73,0% of them called themselves respondents and 10,0% of them did not know about it There was also 46,8% adherence to vaccine against diphtheria and tetanus and 25,8% of adherence to anti-yellow-fever vaccine 92,0% of students affirmed having been oriented about immunization 94,8% recognize anti-hepatitis B as recommendable vaccine to HP 77,3% for anti-diphtheria and tetanus and 48,3 % of accounts suggest anti-yellow-fever vaccine Data sources for the graduating students about recommended vaccine to HP were curricular discipline with 32,3% followed by the college direction with 13,6% of accounts Although HEI in the State of Goiás have been addressing this issue they do so in a fragmented and little consistent way We consider it critical for HEI to set urgently a policy of vaccine establishment before clinical practice as well as to reflect about prevention, and control of infection aiming at interdisciplinarity and above all the quality of teaching which will be reflected on the health professionals profile

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