Street forestry potential on the reduction of electric energy consumption: definition of tree areas in the city of SP, interviews, evaluation of environmental factors and heat degree hour estimation / Potencial da arborização viária na redução do consumo de energia elétrica: definição de três áreas na cidade de São Paulo - SP, aplicação de questionários, levantamento de fatores ambientais e estimativa de Graus-Hora de calor

Giuliana Del Nero Velasco

The problematic to obtain and use energy in a conscious way in cities is a polemic issue nowadays. Frequently, urban areas have darker surfaces areas with less vegetation than neighbor areas. These differences affect the climate, the energy use and the quality of life. One of the action lines to promote an efficient use of electric energy in cities, through the reduction of the necessity of consumption, is the use of vegetation. The objective of this research is to investigate - in three areas of the city of Sao Paulo - SP - the potential of street forestry in reducing the consumption of electric energy. Initially, considering the whole city of Sao Paulo, the definition of the areas to be studied was made through the use of geoprocessing, city maps that already existed and through several visits done to the chosen places. The second part consisted in the analyse, in a smaller scale, of the characteristics of the residences that belonged to the previous established areas with the evaluation of climatic variables (air temperature and relative humidity) during the months of September of 2006 and March of 2007, through questionnaires, classification of the vegetation present in the sidewalks of those residences and electric energy consumption values. Finally the estimation of heat Degree - Hours was made and related to the data collected. The association of the vegetation index to the supervised classification and to the visits done to those locals permitted the definition of three areas of study. Area 1 had 3,72% of the vegetation and an average of 1,18 plants/residence sampled. Area 2, intermediate when it comes to vegetation density, had 11,71% of vegetation and average of 3,17 plants/residence. At least, area 3 characterized as the one with higher vegetation density had 22,92% of vegetation and 5,32 plants/residence. In September of 2006 the average air temperature, in four days and four day times (7:00h, 9:00h, 14:00 e 21:00h) and in both places (sidewalk and street) was 21,61°C, 21,46°C and 21,25°C for areas 1, 2 and 3, respectively. In March of 2007 those values were 26,69°C, 25,79°C and 25,46°C. The biggest temperature difference found was between areas 1 and 3 and it was 2,14°C. The quantity and use of air conditioning systems did not differ between areas, occurring the opposite with the electric energy consumption. Because of that, the analyse and the definition of the influence of the air conditioning system in the final value of energy consumption per residence. Quantities of air conditioning systems were significant and positively correlated to the energy consumption. The estimation of heat Degree-Hours was possible due to the standard station resulting, for March 2007, in values as 10, 6,67, 3,91, e 7,2 for areas 1, 2 , 3 and standard, respectively. For September 2006 these values were 2,21, 0,76, 0 e 0, for the same areas.

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