Silagem de colostro: caracterização do perfil de fermentação anaeróbia e desempenho de bezerros leiteiros / Colostrum silage: dynamics of anaerobic fermentation and dairy calves performance evaluation

AUTOR(ES)
FONTE

IBICT - Instituto Brasileiro de Informação em Ciência e Tecnologia

DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

03/10/2011

RESUMO

The objective of this study was to characterize the fermentative dynamic of bovine colostrum, under anaerobic condition, and determine the nutritional value, as well as evaluate dairy calves´ performance receiving colostrum silage as liquid diet. In the first experiment, bovine colostrum from second and third milking was fermented at room temperature in PET plastic bottles that were filled and lightly pressed before its closure, thereby creating an anaerobic condition. The bottles were stored in the dark at room temperature and five bottles were opened on days 0,1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 14, 21, 28 and 56 after for determination of pH, titratable acidity, temperature, lactic acid, total nitrogen, non-protein nitrogen (NPN), casein, lactose, glucose, fat and counts of microorganisms. The pH, titratable acidity and concentration of lactic acid showed large variation during storage (P<0.0001). The NPN fraction increased (P<0.0001), whereas the values of casein and lactose decreased (P<0.0001) and showed very low values after 56d. The development of lactic-acid bacteria (LAB) was intense during the fermentation process, while enterobacteria and yeasts declined. In the second experiment, bovine colostrum from second and third milking was collected, mixed and stored in PET plastic bottles, in the same manner as it was for the first study. However, the bottles were stored in a dark room with temperature controlled by a BOD incubator (32.5±1°C or 22.5±1°C) or at room temperature. Three bottles were opened after 0, 1, 7, 14, 21, 28 and 35 days for evaluation of the same parameters done during the first study. Most parameters presented similar patterns as observed in the first trial. The development of LAB was intense, especially when colostrum was stored at higher temperature. Temperature also influenced the results of nutritional parameters (P<0.0001) with increases in NPN values and reduction of casein and lactose concentration. In the third experiment, eighteen Holstein calves were allocated to individual hutches until the eighth week of life, with free access to water and starter feed, and fed 4 liters of liquid diet: milk replacer or colostrum fermented under anaerobic condition (colostrum silage), diluted at a 1:1 ratio. Animals fed colostrum silage had lower intake of starter, average daily gain and body weight (P<0.07) during the experimental period, compared to animals consuming milk replacer. The values of withers height, heart girth and hip width showed no differences (P>0.07). All blood parameters measured (glucose, urea-N, free fatty acids and -hydroxybutyric acid) were affected by treatments (P<0.07), except the total protein plasma concentration (P>0.07). The fecal score was affected by treatments during the second week of life (P<0.07), with animals fed colostrum silage presenting abnormal and very dry feces. The dynamics of fermentation show that colostrum can be efficiently stored under anaerobic conditions. However, feeding colostrum silage as an exclusive liquid diet, during the whole milk-feeding period, results in poor animal performance, being considered as an inadequate alternative as milk replacer.

ASSUNTO(S)

silage aleitamento animal anaerobic fermentation animal feed bezerros - desempenho bovinos leiteiros calves- performance colostro colostrum dairy cattle dieta animal fermentação anaeróbica milk replacer for animals milk-feeding nutritive value. silagem sucedâneo do leite para animais valor nutritivo.

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