Processamento e modelagem de dados geofísicos e imagens ASTER aplicados à interpretação geológica e prospecção mineral na Província Aurífera de Alta Floresta, MT / Processing and modeling of geophysical data and ASTER images applied to geological interpretation and mineral exploration in the Alta Floresta Gold Province, MT

Danilo Barbuena

The Alta Floresta Gold Province (AFGP) is located in the central-southern Amazon craton between the limits of the Ventuari-Tapajos (1.95-1.8 Ga) and Rio Negro-Juruena (1.8-1.55 Ga) provinces. In its eastern segment there are more than one hundred gold deposits hosted in volcanic and plutonic rocks and concentrated along the Peru-Trairao Belt in a NW-SE direction. Included in this geologic setting, near the Peixoto de Azevedo city and the Uniao do Norte village, are the Pe Quente and Francisco deposits which are the targets of this work. Due to several factors such as restricted access, the dense vegetation and extensive weathering, the extraction of geological information in the Amazon region is not trivial. In this context geophysical data and remote sensing are essential to expand the geological knowledge of this region. This study intends, through processing and analysis of airborne geophysical data, ground geophysical data and an ASTER image of the region, (i) refine the geological mapping of the southeastern portion of the AFGP, identifying structures in different levels of the crust, (ii) individualize granitic bodies that have not yet been mapped, (iii) compare the responses of airborne and field-based geophysical data, (iv) determine the relationship between ground gamma spectrometry and magnetic data sets in the southeast of AFGP and (v) relating gamma spectrometry signatures with spectral signatures of vegetation, both indicative of patterns associated with gold deposits. Processing and interpretation of airborne gamma spectrometry and magnetic data of the Juruena-Teles Pires project (Phase 1), acquired by the Brazilian Geological Service (CPRM), allowed the generation of a new regional geological map of the eastern portion of the AFGP. Ground magnetometry and gamma spectrometry surveys were made in the areas of Pe Quente and Francisco deposits as part of this research and compared with airborne data and their response over the lines of flight, showing that even with a considerable difference of scale and sampling, these patterns are maintained in both survey types. These data resulted in the production of prospective models for Au-based deposits using Principal Component Analysis and Fuzzy Logic based techniques. Additionally, by processing an ASTER image, a correlation was found between the occurrence of gamma spectrometry anomalies with the spectral characteristics of vegetation and soil /rock, largely reflecting the strong spatial correlation between potassium-rich areas and spectral anomalies of vegetation, since this element is a essential macronutrient for the healthy development of several plants.

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