Pluralismo e novas identidades no cristianismo brasileiro

AUTOR(ES)
DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

2009

RESUMO

The religious field in Brazil has gone through a broad process of pluralization in recent decades. The diversification of Christian identities, discourses and movements in the country has played a fundamental role in this pluralization. The present study offers an analysis of the main Christian discourses that emerged in Brazil in the second half of the 20th century in an attempt to explain their formation processes, the dislocations experienced, what social practices and logics make up these discourses, what narratives and fantasies sustain them or challenge them, what relations and implications are established or delineated between these discourses/movements and the cultural, political and economic dimensions of current Brazilian society. The analysis revealed that the process of modernization in the country promoted a broadscoped displacement of the national Catholic imaginary, which had until then been hegemonic, and triggered a deconstruction of the polarization between Catholicism and Protestantism that sustained this imaginary. From this initial displacement, three different classes of new Christian movements were formed: movements that sought to articulate Christianity to modernity (ecumenism, Christianity of liberation and evangelism); movements that emerged from the margins of the modernization process and moved toward the center (pentecostalism, charismatic renewal and neo-pentecostalism); and movements that formed as a reaction to modernization (neo/conservative Catholics and Protestants). The analysis also revealed that the crisis of the meta-narratives, utopias and left-wings in modernity contributed significantly toward generating a crisis in progressive Christian movements, which, together with the development of the media market, favored the formation of a new hegemonic imaginary in the religious realm. This imaginary, governed mainly by neo-pentecostalism religious logics, exhibits undeniably pluralistic characteristics, but conceives of and organizes this pluralism based on the rules of the media market and spectacle, thereby constituting a kind of âmarket religious pluralismâ. This hegemonic model of pluralism is contested in different senses by diverse discourses and movements in the Christian field. However, none has yet demonstrated the capability of seriously challenging the new dominant imaginary

ASSUNTO(S)

sociologia da religiÃo religious movements discourse theory sociology of religion movimentos religiosos teoria do discurso sociologia cristianismo christianity

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