Influência do anticorpo anti-VEGF bevacizumab na inflamação pleural e na pleurodese experimental induzida por talco ou nitrato de prata / Influence of anti-VEGF bevacizumab in pleural inflammation and experimental pleurodesis induced by talc or silver nitrate

AUTOR(ES)
FONTE

IBICT - Instituto Brasileiro de Informação em Ciência e Tecnologia

DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

01/08/2011

RESUMO

Introduction: Chemical pleurodesis is widely used to control recurrent malignant pleural effusion. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is produced in response to mesothelial injury by sclerosing intrapleural injection and it is a potent angiogenesis inducer. The monoclonal anti-VEGF bevacizumab inhibits VEGF and has been used in the treatment of cancer to reduce angiogenesis and tumour progression. The effects of VEGF blockage on pleural inflammation and pleurodesis induced by talc and silver nitrate were not completely known. Objective: To describe the effects of monoclonal anti-VEGF bevacizumab in the early and late phase of pleurodesis induced by talc or silver nitrate. Methods: One-hundred and fifty-two rabbits were submitted to intrapleural injection of talc (n = 76) or silver nitrate (n = 76). Half of the animals in each group received intravenous bevacizumab, 30 minutes before the sclerosing agent. In each of the four groups, five animals were sacrificed 1, 2, 3, 4, 7, 14 and 28 days after the intrapleural injection. . A subgroup of twelve animals received intravenous Evans blue one hour prior to sacrifice, to estimate the vascular permeability. The pleural fluid volume was quantified and sent for biochemical, cytological and immunological analysis. Macroscopic pleural adhesions were evaluated using a semiquantitative score. The visceral pleura was submitted to microscopic examination to quantify, by score, inflammation and fibrosis. Anti-factor VII immunostaining was used to evaluate vascular density. Pleural thickness and collagen quantification (sirius red stain was used to identify collagen fibers) were evaluated by an image analysis system. Statistical analysis: Results are expressed as mean and standard error measurement (SEM). Differences between two groups were analyzed using t- test and Mann-Whitney rank sum test and considered statistically significant when p-value was <0.05. Results: Animals pretreated with anti-VEGF antibody developed lower volumes of pleural fluid and presented a significant reduction in pleural permeability, VEGF and IL-8 levels in both groups (talc and silver nitrate). There was no difference in total number of cells, TGF1, LDH and total protein in the pleural fluid. Macroscopic adhesions scores were lower and angiogenesis was reduced after pretreatment with bevacizumab in both groups. No significant difference was found in inflammation scores between the two groups. Pleural fibrosis, thickening and collagen were reduced in animals submitted to pleurodesis only in the group silver nitrate pretreated with bevacizumab. Conclusion: This experimental study shows that the administration of anti-VEGF antibody interferes in the acute phase of acute inflammation induced by silver nitrate and talc by reducing vascular permeability. It also reduces macroscopic adhesions, pleural thickening and interferes with pleural fibrosis, decreasing angiogenesis and collagen production. These findings suggest a potential for pleurodesis failure in patients treated with bevacizumab for cancer

ASSUNTO(S)

pleural effusion pleural inflammation pleurodese pleurodesis rabbits vascular endothelial growth factor angiogenesis inhibitors bevacizumab bevacizumab coelhos derrame pleural fator de crescimento do endotélio vascular inflamação pleural inibidores da angiogênese

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