Implantação de tecnologias alternativas de saneamento como forma de garantir água de qualidade, quantidade e higiene no semiárido moçambicano : caso do distrito de Funhalouro

AUTOR(ES)
FONTE

IBICT - Instituto Brasileiro de Informação em Ciência e Tecnologia

DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

2012

RESUMO

This work aimed at studying the hydrologic, hygiene and sanitation conditions in the district of Funhalouro, located in Inhambane province, Mozambique. This is a rural district characterized by semi-arid climate, with approximately 37,856 inhabitants, 8058 households and a population density of 2.78 inhabitants /km ². The water supply in the area of study is poor. Water consumption covers 53.9% of households that use open wells, 37.5% use protected wells without treatment of any king and the remaining population consumes water from the existing ponds, fountains and cisterns. Allied to this, surveys showed that 78% of these households do not even have a latrine, 18.1% have an unimproved latrine and the remaining population uses improved latrines. People who do not have latrines in their homes share the same latrines with those who have, or defecate in the open air. The diagnosis also shows that the population consumes water that is out of the standards set by WHO and the Mozambican legislation. To make it worse, the district of Funhalouro lacks any rain water drainage system and solid waste is buried or burned in their homes. The lack of hygiene is also feature in many homes and in some water sources in the district of Funhalouro. The consumption of unsafe water and the unsanitary conditions are some of the causes of various diseases in the region, especially diarrhea and malaria, the latter being the leading cause of death in Mozambique. To overcome all obstacles to the improvement of health and living conditions, this study proposed highly efficient and low cost alternative systems of water treatment considered as unconventional or simplified, by using moringa, solar disinfection (SODIS), chlorination and boiling. It was also suggested the construction of improved traditional latrines, simple technologies for water collection and environmental and health education. The proposed suggestions were designed to be in line with the richness, diversity, and especially the tradition of the people under study. The study also recommended further cooperation, with participation of institutions engaged in water resources management, NGOs, religious institutions and local community, and applying the political theory.

ASSUNTO(S)

saneamento básico sanitation in mozambique tecnologias alternativas alternative technologies qualidade da agua water quality tratamento da agua water quantity district of funhalouro latrina cisterna Água da chuva : captação educação ambiental moçambique

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